Updated Last: Wednesday, February 11, 2025 7:13 PM
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A Breath of Fresh Air : Birmingham's Open-air Schools, 1911-70.
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Price: £30.00
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ISBN-13: 978-1860770753
Author: Frances Wilmot & Pauline Saul
Published Date: 20-06-2024
Publisher: Phillimore & Co Ltd
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| This book records the School Medical Service's venture to develop six open-air schools when malnutrition and tuberculosis were rife in the early 20th century. Barrow and Geraldine Cadbury founded the first schools where pupils benefited from fresh air, rest, exercise and nourishing food. ?... the text is both revealing and at times intensely moving ... an absorbing story which deserves a broad readership ...? Select Magazine |
Index
Page numbers in bold are contributors’ accounts. Page numbers in italic are photographs or illustrations.
Abbott, Mrs. (cook), 125
Abbott, Elsie (headteacher), 43, 55, 60, 337; appointment, 46, 54, 55; in school log books, 46, 54, 57, 59; resignation, 54, 60
ability of pupils, see academic ability; educational attainment; educational standards; examinations, academic
absconding (runaways): Cropwood, 60, 67, 91, 92, 109, 121, 122-3, 125, 142, 169, 170, 175-6, 210, 220, 286, 292; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 97, 112, 115, 130, 131, 153, 154, 158, 159, 177, 183, 222, 223, 224, 246, 247, 251, 252, 298, 299, 300, 307, 311
academic ability, 196; see also educational standards; examinations, academic; leaving certificates; learning abilities
accommodation, see dormitories; staff
Acme Flooring & Paving Co. (1904) Ltd., 21
Acocks Green, 65, 213, 214
activities (outdoor), 10, 39, 98, 131, 194, 301, 303, 310, 314, 333; see also bicycles; boating club; camping; canoe club; fishing; go-carts; golf; hunt the whistle; roller skating; scooters; skipping; torch chases
Adams, Mrs. (Birmingham School Clinic nurse), 315, 316, 322
Adams, Christine, 214-15
Adams, Norah, see Whittall, Norah
Adams, Roger, 236-7
adenoids, 5, 8, 10, 19, 192; see also tonsils
Adkins, Charles (butcher), 21
Admissions Registers, 26, 28-9, 338
admissions, 67, 118, 263, 264; Cropwood, 57, 59, 116, 213; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 112, 116, 125; Marsh Hill, 80, 313; Skilts, 330; Uffculme, 23, 26, 31, 32, 41, 239; see also selection of pupils
Adrenaline, 164, 221, 265
Adult School Movement, 13
advertisements (medicines), 3, 31, 37, 78, 134, 148, 153, 179
Advisory Committee for Special Education, 266
air raid shelters: Cropwood, 126, 143, 144, 149; Hunter’s Hill, 153, 155, 156, 157, 248; Uffculme, 138
air raids, 135; Birmingham, 136, 137, 138, 145; Coventry, 188; Cropwood, 143, 144, 145; Haseley Hall, 188; Hunter’s Hill, 152; see also bombs
Alexander, Mr. (teacher), 302, 306
Alflatt, Trevor (headteacher), 254, 276, 278, 279, 337
Allen, Peter W., 161, 179
allergies, 327; see also asthma
Allison (nurse), 287
Alpine School, see Davos
America: open-air schools, 6, 9; survey of asthma, 264
Aminophyline, 265
anaemia, 8, 10, 19, 62, 67, 116, 135; Cropwood, 56, 69, 109; Hunter’s Hill, 159; Uffculme, 23, 26, 31, 35
Anderson, Edward J. (teacher/headteacher), 76, 84, 85, 88, 89, 139, 140, 166, 168, 198-9, 201, 202, 204, 205, 207, 208, 236, 237, 270, 337; appointment, 74, 198; in log books, 138, 200, 235, 271; photographs of, 88, 165, 274; reports by, 273; retirement, 273, 274, 276
Andrews, Mrs. (cleaner/helper), 260, 316
Andrews, Jean, see Dwyer, Jean
animals, 192, 194, 231, 257; see also goats; guinea pigs; pets; rabbits
Annis, Elsie, 121; see also Kite, Elsie
annual reports of Chief Medical Officer, see Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports
Ansell, R. (teacher), 234
Antrobus, (Sir) Edward, 185
Apollo 10 launch, 308
apple trees, 43, 44, 49, 54, 73, 76, 140, 141, 281
architecture (of open-air schools), see open-air schools; see also bandstand; buildings; huts; platforms; screens; shutters; siting; verandas
Argyll, Duchess of, 35
arithmetic, 8, 63; Cropwood, 242; Hunter’s Hill, 128, 230; Uffculme, 32, 48, 83, 236, 269; see also graphwork; tables
armistice, 46; Armistice Day, 74, 121
Armson, Moira (teacher), xiii, 208-10; see also Spence, Moira
army training, influence of, 40-1, 49
Arnot, Miss (cook/housekeeper), 68, 93, 109, 143, 145, 147, 149, 169, 170, 171, 210, 211, 212; death, 213
Arnott, Jane, 238
arts and crafts, 230, 269, 270, 290, 306; see also craftwork; handwork; manual instruction; individual subjects: basketmaking; canework; embroidery; knitting; leatherwork; lino-cutting; metalwork; painting; plasticene modelling; pottery; raffia work; rugmaking; weaving; woodwork
Ashby, Miss (nurse), 172
Asher, Dr. (HMI), 299
Ashfield, Miss (children’s helper), 263
Asperger Syndrome, 279
assembly, school: Cropwood, 69, 152, 218, 244; Hunter’s Hill, 221, 231; Uffculme, 201, 236, 238; see also religious education
asthma, 67, 90, 104, 116, 163, 233; causes of, 196, 198, 265, 266, 268, 342; survey of, 264, 265; treatment of, 196, 197, 233; Cropwood, 109, 120, 123, 125, 240, 241, 290, 295; Haseley Hall, 190, 193, 259, 319, 321, 322; Hunter’s Hill, 112, 114, 115, 133, 154, 158, 159, 221, 223, 227, 229, 230, 247, 248, 252, 307, 309, 311, 312; Marsh Hill, 161, 313; Skilts, 263, 327, 328, 329, 330; Uffculme, 168, 200, 201, 203, 237, 269, 270, 274; see also chest conditions; exercises
Asthma Clinic, 233, 246, 301, 302
Asthma Research Council, 196
Astley Hall School, 321, 325
Aston, Percy (teacher), 223, 227, 249
athletics, 98, 116, 227, 250
Atkins, Mr. (teacher), 183, 221
Atkins, Mrs. (kitchen staff), 274
Atkins (nurse), 181
Atkinson, Miss (teacher), 109
Atropine Co., 164
attainment testing, 216; see also educational attainment; testing
attendance, school, 263, 266; see also absconding; school log books
Auden, Dr. George (Birmingham’s first Chief School Medical Officer), 11, 18, 19, 23, 29, 32, 33, 36, 50, 64; opening of Uffculme, 22
Aurora Borealis, 132
Austin, Dr., 127
autistic children, 276, 278, 279
Avery, Miss, 67
Avery, W. & T. Ltd., 185, 319
Ayres, Leonard, 7, 8
Aze, Miss (teacher), 197
back supports, 206, 247, 302
backward children, 18, 50, 105, 129, 163, 234, 243, 263; Cropwood, 242; Hunter’s Hill, 178; Marsh Hill, 82; see also retarded children
Bailey, Colin, 184
Bailey, Graham, 158
Bailey, S. (teacher), 273, 274
Baker, Mr. (dentist), 148, 172
Baker, Dorothy (children’s helper), 191; see also, Bilton, Dorothy
Baker, Elsie, 36
Baldock, Miss (teacher), 109
Baldwin, Iris, 86-7
Ball, Diane, see Smith, Diane
Balsall Heath, 43, 62, 77, 137, 210
‘band-stand’ buildings, 6, 194
bank engines, 99, 132, 159; see also Big Bertha; Lickey Incline
bantams, 231, 301, 333
Bardsley, Miss (HMI), 146
Barlow, (Sir) Thomas, 14
Barnsley, 6
Barnt Green, 172, 179, 281
Barrett, Claire (nurse), 183, 221, 230, 231, 252, 297, 300, 301, 306, 307; in school log books, 153, 301, 302, 307, 308; personal accounts, 133-4, 156-7, 225, 309; retirement, 307, 308
Barrodale, Miss (teacher), 287, 289
Barron, Grace, 87
Bartlett, Christine, see Adams, Christine
Barton, G., 181-2
Baskerville House School, 50-1, 103, 126, 132, 142, 173, 189, 235, 257, 265, 321; see also rheumatic children
basket-weaving, 36, 40, 65; see also canework
baths, 4, 9, 22, 41, 49; Cropwood, 218, 244; Haseley Hall, 193, 259, 319, 324; Marsh Hill, 80; Uffculme, 21, 22, 29, 38; see also showers
Bazire, Isobel (teacher), xiii, 208; see also Thomas, Isobel
BBC schools programmes, 231, 251, 298; see also television
Beasley, Arthur, 97-8
Beattie, Theresa, 238
Beausale School, 256
bedmaking: Cropwood, 92, 213-14, 243; Hunter’s Hill, 221, 310
bedwetting, see enuresis
Beecroft, Harold, 27
beekeeping, 39, 146, 194, 306; see also honey
behavioural problems, 233, 264, 268; Cropwood, 295; Hunter’s Hill, 297; Skilts, 263; Uffculme, 236, 237; see also sociological cases
Bell, Miss (teacher), 121, 143
Belling, Freda, see Owen, Freda
Belston, Rita, 121
Bemax, 139
Bendall, E.M. (nurse), 75, 84, 106, 120, 136, 141, 164, 199, 200, 209, 234
Bennett, W. (teacher), 251
Bent, Margaret, 161
Berkswell, visit to, 235, 238
Bewlay, see Cossins, Peacock & Bewlay (architects)
‘Big Bertha’, 72, 114, 229; see also Lickey Incline
Bigger, Maud (nurse), 187
Billing, Miss (teacher), 173, 211
Billy Smart’s Circus, 202, 307
Bilton, Dorothy, 193; see also Baker, Dorothy
Bingley Hall, 275
Birch, Kathleen, 110
bird tables, 83, 90, 107
birds, 124, 140, 181, 206
Birmingham: charities, 5; evacuation of schoolchildren, 117, 137; industry, 19th-century, 1; kindergartens, 14; slums, 5, 19, 23, 54; smoke pollution, 1, 2, 5; special schools development, 50-1; see also bombs
Birmingham and Midland Institute, 253
Birmingham Central Hall, 108
Birmingham Chest Clinic, see Great Charles Street Clinic
Birmingham Children’s Courts, 14
Birmingham Children’s Hospital, 93, 103, 116, 128, 130, 156, 167, 198, 219, 227, 228, 251, 259, 299, 301, 302, 307, 308
Birmingham Civic Society, 80
Birmingham Daily Mail
Birmingham Daily News
Birmingham Dental Hospital, 26, 227
Birmingham Education Committee, 19, 78, 94, 189, 192, 195, 196, 231, 294; acceptance of Cadbury donation, 18; reorganisations of Schools for delicate Children, 313-15, 321; use of Davos Alpine School, 197-8; see also Davos Alpine School
Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports): 1908/9, 11; 1910, 19, 23; 1911, 25-6; 1912, 31; 1914, 37-8; 1917, 49; 1925, 64; 1930s, 79-80, 90, 95-6, 101-2, 104-5, 109, 111-12, 116-17, 120; 1940s, 135, 162, 164; 1950s, 220-1, 233-4; 1960s, 264-5; 1970s, 312; see also Inspectors school reports
Birmingham Evening Despatch
Birmingham Gazette
Birmingham Hippodrome Theatre, 227
Birmingham Institute of Child Health, 162
Birmingham Juvenile Court, 14
Birmingham Mail
Birmingham Natural History Museum, 223
Birmingham Open-Air Schools Sub-Committee, 27, 28, 53, 137, 138
Birmingham Open-Spaces Association, 10
Birmingham Orthopaedic Hospital, 130, 206
Birmingham Post
Birmingham Skin Hospital, 247
Birmingham Society for the Care of Invalid Children, 185, 187, 188
Birmingham Special Schools’ Sports, 131, 133; see also sports
Birmingham Special Schools Medical Officer, 118; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports)
Birmingham Special Schools Sub-Committee, 35, 56, 80, 91, 97, 101, 128, 138, 313
Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, 234, 304, 309
Birmingham Town Hall, 85, 92, 106
Birmingham’s Juvenile Dramatic Festivals, 253
Birmingham’s School Medical Service Sub-Committee, 80
birthdays, 125, 142, 147, 331
blackberry picking, 246, 281
blackouts (wartime), 126, 135, 155, 157, 158, 190; see also wartime
Blackwell, 62, 72, 97, 158, 180, 248, 305, 311; bombing, 145; church, 99, 283; pumping station, 99; station, 17, 57, 62, 93, 99, 123, 133, 210, 229; see also Lickey Incline
blankets, 6, 9, 10, 39, 194, 296; Cropwood, 296; Marsh Hill, 161, 254; Uffculme, 23, 27, 29, 141, 236, 237, 239
Blay, Daphne (teacher), 228, 231, 247
blepharitis, 62, 67
blinds, canvas, 7, 341
blood: disorders, 166; tests, 22; see also anaemia
boarders, weekly, see weekly boarding
Boardman, Dr., 308
boating club, 231, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250
Bolton, Miss (teacher), 91
bog garden (Uffculme), 86, 141
Bognor Regis, see Martineau House (Seaside School)
boils, 183
bombs: in Birmingham, 144, 158; in Coventry, 144, 158, 188; on schools, 137, 140; see also air raids
Band, Miss (nurse), 256
Bone, Edward, 254
bonfire parties: Cropwood, 213, 220, 281, 283; Haseley Hall, 258, 259, 260, 315; Hunter’s Hill, 130, 172, 178, 232; Skilts, 327
Bonner, John, 71-3, 87-9
bookbinding, 229
Booke, Kathleen, see Birch, Kathleen
Boothroyd, Eveline (headteacher), 121, 124, 149, 150, 152, 169, 174, 175, 176, 210, 214, 337; appointment, 120; in school log books, 120, 125, 126, 127, 142, 143, 145, 147, 170, 171, 172, 212; retirement, 213
Bostall Wood (London), 6
Boston, 6
Bottom, Alice (teacher), 94, 109, 111
Bournville, 12, 13, 17, 164, 314
Bovril, 207, 236
Bow Road Open-Air School, London, 341
bowling, 299
boxing, 98, 129, 132
Boyd, Miss (teacher), 186, 243
Boyle, Sir Edward, 262
brace, orthopaedic, see back supports
Bradbeer, Alderman/Mrs., 171
Bradford, 6, 19, 24
Bradley, Jessie, 175
Brain, Mrs. (cook), 252
brain tumour, 172
Braithewaite, Mrs. (cook), 302
Braker, Peter, 180, 184
Brant, Harry, 115-16
Bray, Margaret, see Rice, Margaret
Brazier, J.A. Ltd., 55
bread, 3, 5, 10, 25, 43, 69, 79, 101, 108, 122, 176, 200; war bread, 46
breakfast, 264, 266, 271, 276; see also food; school meals
breathing exercises, see exercises
Brelsford, Heather, see Langdon, Heather
Brennan, Maureen, see Hughes, Maureen
Bridie, Miss, 36, 45, 57, 58, 59
Brinkley, Cynthia, 330-1
British Association Conference on Open-Air Studies, 27
British Children’s Home, 117
British Eagle air disaster, 317
British Medical Association, 185
British Medical Journal
broken homes, 265, 321; see also sociological cases
Bromage, Norah (teacher), 241, 243, 280, 281, 282, 285, 286, 288, 289
Bromsgrove, 59, 95, 99, 114, 131, 142, 156, 172, 240, 251, 301, 303, 305, 310; cinema, 219; hospitals, 195, 213, 224, 258, 292, 298; library, 210; salt works, 99
bronchial catarrh, see catarrh; see also bronchitis; chest conditions
bronchiectasis, 104, 164, 195, 198, 233; Cropwood, 93, 109, 216; Haseley Hall, 258, 259; Hunter’s Hill, 221; Uffculme, 31, 32, 139, 162, 236, 238, 239; see also physiotherapy; postural drainage
bronchitis, 23, 67, 86, 93, 102, 109, 110, 111, 116, 133, 149, 164, 167, 174, 190, 198; Cropwood, 213; Marsh hill, 253, 254; Skilts, 327, 329; Uffculme, 200, 206, 233, 235, 238, 269, 274; see also catarrh; chest conditions
Brooke, Adrienne (teacher), 280, 289, 290-1, 292, 293, 294
Brooke, Lord, 187
Brooks, Rita, 175
Brooksbank, Mr., 271
Broughton, Hugh, 9, 38
Brown, Mrs. (cook), 298
Brown, Hopwood & Gilbert (grocers), 21
Brown, Joy, 290
Brown, Joyce, 175
Brown, Mary (headteacher), 80, 82, 161, 195, 253, 337
Brown, Norah (dental nurse), 245
Brownies, 217, 218, 286, 289
Browning, Mrs. (teacher), 161, 254
Brueton, Pauline, 204; see also Saul, Pauline
Brunsden, V. (cook), 284
Buckley, Linda (teacher/headteacher), 99, 116, 152, 155, 158, 159, 178, 179, 183, 220, 221, 224, 228, 229-30, 231, 246, 249, 252, 297, 305, 306, 310, 337; appointment, 112, 152, 156; background/training, 157; her philosophy, 229-30; in school log books, 112, 130, 152, 156, 223, 247, 298, 299, 302; retirement, 307, 308, 309; school reports by, 250-1, 251-2, 297, 300-1
Bullock, Mabel (teacher), 258-9, 262-3; see also Hancock, Mabel
Burbridge, Mr. (teacher), 59, 60
Burford, Harriet M. (teacher), 24
Burns, Dr., 114, 130
Burridge, Miss (teacher), 284
Burt, Joyce (teacher), 270, 272, 273, 274, 274-5, 278
buses (transport to schools), 241, 243, 310, 317, 333
Butler-Fleming, Marjorie (headteacher), 257, 258, 259, 260, 315, 316, 319, 322, 323, 337; photographs, 260, 316; retirement, 317, 321, 324
butter, 35
Cadbury Bros Ltd., 12, 13, 14, 20, 56, 106; gifts to open-air school pupils, 71; visits to, 202
Cadbury, Barrow, 12-14, 24, 59, 80, 334; early life, 12-14; education, 12; Cadbury Bros Ltd., 12, 13; marriage, 13, 14; portraits, 14, 15; move to Cropwood House, 14-15, 17; donation of Uffculme, 18, 20, 24, 44; donation of Cropwood, 54-6; visits to Cropwood School, 143, 144, 145, 170, 173, 213, 217; visits to Hunter’s Hill School, 181; death, 235
Cadbury, Geraldine (Mrs.), 14-18, 22, 29, 80, 140, 280, 334; marriage, 13, 14; magistrate, 14; opening of kindergarten, 14; move to Cropwood House, 14-17, 15; donation of Uffculme, 17-18, 20, 24, 44; on Birmingham’s Special Schools Sub-Committee, 80, 137; on Uffculme School Committee, 27, 28, 53, 137; visits to Uffculme School; 35, 37, 44, 45, 59, 53, 54, 77; visits to Cropwood School, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 67, 68, 91, 93, 111, 143, 144; visits to Hunter’s Hill School, 112, 114; death, 137-8, 145
Cadbury, Dorothy, 13, 14, 15, 15, 16, 26, 145, 170
Cadbury, (Dame) Elizabeth, 80, 133
Cadbury, George, 13, 80
Cadbury, Geraldine M. (Miss), ix, 14, 15-17, 15, 16, 56
Cadbury, Paul, 13, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 56, 241, 271, 277, 279, 294
Cadbury, Richard, 12, 13, 17
Caddell, Dr. (Nat. Ass. for the Prevention of Tuberculosis), 130
calligraphy, 231
Callow, Iris, 175
Cameron, D.C. (headteacher), 332, 337
Camp School, Cropwood, 67, 94, 98, 143, 145, 153, 157
camping, 217, 240, 247
canal trips, 315; see also boating club
canework, 230, 306; see also basket weaving
Cangy, Jenny, 284-6
caning, of children, 28, 82, 155, 177, 178, 222, 223, 251, 302; see also punishment
Cannon Hill Park, 77, 202, 273
canoeing, 231, 248, 301, 307; see also boating club
Capper, Edna, 103
caretakers: Cropwood, 283, 284, 292; Haseley, 191; Hunter’s Hill, 129, 132, 251, 304; Uffculme, 24, 43, 64, 202, 274
caretakers (names), see Carr; Fellows; Harrison; Hatfield; Mortiboys; Mountney; Perrygrove; Price; Riley; Ross; Rushton; Swift; Thomas
Carey, Mrs. (cook), 297
Carey, P.C., 307
carol services, 224, 299
Carpenter, Rev. L., 272
Carpenter, Sylvia, 342
Carr, D. (teacher), 270, 271, 273, 274
Carr, Louis (caretaker), 24, 43, 64
Carrington, Dr., 9
Carrington, Joan, 175
Carter, Miss (teacher), 91, 94
Cartwright, Bernard W., 86
Cash, Gladys, 93-4
Cassells, Mr. (teacher), 278
Castle, Miss (teacher), 323
catarrh, 5, 8, 102, 221; see also asthma; bronchiectasis; bronchitis; chest conditions
catering courses, 256
Cattell, Norman, 154
cattle show, 275
Cawthorne, Mrs. (cleaner), 260
celiac disease, 219
cerebral palsy, 270
chairs, 6, 38
Chamberlain, King & Jones (general furnishers), 21
Chamberlain, Neville, 121, 125
Chamberlain, Norman (councillor), 18
Chambers, Norma, 161
Chapman, Mr., 255, 271
Chapman, Leslie, 72
Charles Burns Unit, 279, 314
Charlottenberg, 5
Charlton, Miss (headteacher), 189, 190, 337
Chateaux Bruxelles/Dorf, 171, 177, 197, 198; see also Davos Alpine School
Cheal, J. & Sons, 21
Checkitts, Miss (teacher), 53
Checkley, Dorothy, see Sparkes, Dorothy
Chedgy, Mr. (teacher), 180, 223
cheese, 35, 76, 99, 101, 166
Chest and Heart Association, 265
chest conditions, 104, 105, 133, 194, 195, 242, 313, 327; x-rays, 196, 251, 264, 301; see also asthma; bronchiectasis; bronchitis; catarrh; physiotherapy; postural drainage
Chicago (open-air school), 6
chicken pox, 114, 153, 220, 222, 227, 240, 282, 315
chickens, 301
Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports (Board/Ministry of Educations): 1916, 41; 1921, 50; 1923, 62-4; 1927, 66; 1928, 67, 77; 1932, 79; 1934, 101-2; 1936, 101; 1937, 116; 1950/1, 194-5; 1952/3, 196; 1955, 239; 1960, 264; 1962, 265; 1994, 265; see also Newman, Sir George
chilblains, 155, 174, 177, 179, 244, 252, 298
Child Guidance Clinics, 105, 135, 264, 268
child labour, 1; see also employment
Children’s Country Holiday Society, 5
children’s helpers, 220, 283, 285, 289, 295, 301, 324; (names) see Ashfield; Baker; Bilton; Coan; Cotton; Fell; Fryers; Noakes; Pollentine; Tyler; personal accounts, 193, 259-60
Chiles, Patricia, see King, Patricia
Chipperfield’s circus, 247
chocolate (gifts to children), 71, 77, 94, 110, 140, 154, 166
chorea, 8, 26, 31, 67, 189
Christmas: carols, 282, 283; presents, 232, 282, 283; puddings, 244, 282, 297, 299
Christmas parties: Cropwood, 58, 59, 61, 121, 126, 147, 170, 171, 211, 213, 220, 240, 282, 283; Haseley Hall, 192, 257, 258, 316, 317, 321; Hunter’s Hill, 114, 156, 179, 180, 223, 228, 232, 247, 302; Marsh Hill, 254, 255-6; Skilts, 331; Uffculme, 77, 107, 108
church going: Cropwood, 61, 288; Haseley Hall, 188; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 159, 178, 231, 249, 310
Churchill, Rowena, see Johnson, Rowena
Clair, M., 180
Clark, Miss (headteacher), 126, 127
Clark, M.A., Miss (teacher), 145, 146, 148, 151
Clarke, Deirdre (headteacher), 295-6, 296, 312, 337
Clarke, M. (teacher), 190, 191
classes: mixed ability, 140, 208, 266, 268, 270; small sizes, 264, 266, 267, 333
classrooms, 66, 194, 342; Cropwood, 55, 58, 71, 110, 150, 216, 244, 336; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 154; Marsh Hill, 82, 195; Skilts, 263; Uffculme, 22, 25, 36, 38, 40, 107, 207, 209, 270
clay modelling, 8, 229
Claydon, Jean, 76-7
Clayton, Captain, 146, 147, 148, 170, 171
Clayton, Roger, 205
cleanliness, see hygiene
Clements, Charles, 155, 159
Clewer, Gwen, 175, 175
clock (Uffculme), 21
Clodagh, 126, 149
clogs, 25, 27, 28, 43, 76, 102, 107, 141, 195, 236, 340, 341
closure (of Birmingham’s open-air schools), 313, 314, 315, 320
clothing: America, 6, 8, 9; Cropwood, 56-7, 58, 61, 69, 92, 94, 110, 122, 123, 176, 212, 239, 242, 244; Haseley Hall, 187, 189, 258, 259; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 98, 115, 132, 158, 159, 181, 231, 250, 253, 306, 307; London, 6; Marsh Hill, 81, 161, 313; Skilts, 263, 328-9; Uffculme, 43, 75, 87, 104, 106, 107, 167, 169, 203, 204, 208; see also berets; blazers; clogs; jerseys; liberty bodices; overcoats
Coan (nurse), 171
Coan, Miss (children’s helper), 211
Cockburn, Mr. (dental anaesthetist), 149
cocoa; advertisements, 12, 20, 152; nourishing properties of, 12, 101; Cropwood, 62, 69, 152, 297; Uffculme, 25, 104, 205, 207, 237
cod liver oil, 3, 10, 31, 179; Cropwood, 50, 58, 59, 71, 92, 174, 244; Haseley Hall, 186, 189; Hunter’s Hill, 115, 179, 252, 310; Marsh Hill, 160, 254; Uffculme, 139, 169, 205, 207, 238
Cofton Woods, 68, 95
Cohen, Dr. H.M. (Birmingham’s Principal School Medical Officer), 196, 210, 212, 221, 227, 241, 270
Coker, Dr., 173
cold weather: Cropwood, 59, 68, 92, 125, 142, 146, 171, 174; Hunter’s Hill, 97, 113, 130, 159, 182, 184, 227; Marsh Hill, 81; Uffculme, 28, 30, 31, 34, 35, 47, 53, 75, 76, 138, 141, 164, 165, 200, 234, 236, 272, 273; see also frost; snow
colds, 74, 130, 164, 166, 206, 227; see also influenza
Coley, Gladys, see Cash, Gladys
Colin, Gwendoline J., see Hooper, Gwendoline J.
colitis, ulcerative, 254
Collett, Rhoda L., see Jones, Rhoda L.
Collins, Mr. (remedial gymnast), 227, 228, 233, 263, 323, 327
Comb (nurse), 150
comfort, 300
communication impairment, 279
competitions, 121, 148, 169, 205, 211, 221
concerts, 127, 172, 221, 234, 236, 311; see also Birmingham Symphony Orchestra
confirmations (church), 220, 283
conjunctivitis, 67; see also eyes
Cone (nurse), 244, 245
Constanina, Ingrinatta (cook), 285
consumption, see tuberculosis
convulsions, 36, 132
Cook, Miss (teacher), 289
cookery lessons, see domestic science
cooks (names), see Abbott; Arnot; Brain; Braithwaite; Brinkley; Brunsden; Brown; Carey; Constanina; Costegne; Gunn; Hart; Russell; Smith; Twist; Wood; see also kitchens
cooks (reminiscences), 193, 330-1
Cookson, Evelyn, 65
Cooper, Donald R., 318-19
Cooper, Iris, see Baldwin, Iris
Cooper, Marguerite, see Jones, Marguerite
Cooper, Ron (teacher), 199, 202, 205, 208, 210, 234, 236
Copestake, Brenda, 175
coronations, 130, 199, 200, 218, 219, 223, 236, 257, 259
corporal punishment, see caning; punishment
Cossins, Peacock & Bewlay (architects), 21, 55; see also Peacock
Costegne, Miss (cook), 284
Cottingham Road Open-Air School, East Yorkshire, 341
Cotton, Miss (children’s helper), 260
Cottrill, Jayne, 175
country dancing, see dancing
countryside, love of, 128, 151, 207, 237
Coventry: bombing, 144, 158; open-air schools, 162, 163; visit to, 235
‘Cow & Gate’ drink, 92
Cox, Beryl, 204
Cox, Lawrence, 159-60
craftwork, 94, 111, 123; see also arts and crafts
Crampton, May, 44
Crawford, Nellie, 114
Craythorne, Jean, see Claydon, Jean
cricket, 68, 73, 88, 98, 99, 132, 178, 180, 191, 221, 231, 254, 275
‘crippled’ children, 2, 126, 132, 144, 153, 156; see also disabled children; physically defective; physically disabled/handicapped children
Cripples Hospital, 221, 247
Cropley, Dr. Ralph (HMI), 30, 37, 47
Cropwood Old Girls Association, 171
Cropwood School: architecture/building, 55-6, 57, 58, 124, 216, 336; building extensions, 241; closure, 296, 312; Cropwood House, 14-17, 124, 216, 297, 313, 335; current use of, 335; headteachers, 337; opening of, 55-7; plan, 56; 1920s, 55-62, 67-73; 1930s, 79, 80, 90-5, 109-11, 120-8; 1940s, 141-52, 169-77, 178, 189; 1950s, 210-20, 239-46; 1960s, 268, 279-97; see also Camp School; Inspectors School reports; school log books; Loggia, the; playroom; Shelter; tower
Cropwood Wood, 305
croquet, 188, 217
Crosby, Kathleen (Sister), 209, 235, 237, 238-9, 269, 270, 274, 275, 276, 277, 279
Cross, Anthony, 249
Cubs, 259, 315, 316, 317, 325
Cully, C. 180
cultural standards, raising of, 309, 311
curriculum, 7, 8, 10, 39-40, 63, 267; Cropwood, 91, 94, 123, 173; Haseley Hall, 187; Hunter’s Hill, 97, 128, 158, 221, 229, 230, 231; Marsh Hill, 82; Skilts, 262-3, 327, 333, 334; Uffculme, 19, 32, 38, 47, 48, 68, 73, 108, 118, 141, 269, 276, 279; see also activities (outdoor); Empire Day; exercises; handwork; manual instruction; nature study; shipping routes; timetables; the usual school subjects
curvature (spine), 67, 206; see also back supports
cycling club, 217, 240
Dadds, Eileen, see Lucas, Eileen
Daily Mail Fund, 5, 104
Dainty, Shirley (nurse), 315, 316, 323
Dale, G., 27, 28, 32
Dallow, Joyce, 175
Dallow, M. (teacher), 250, 251
Dame Cadbury Bilateral School, 314
dancing, 50, 63, 116, 166, 217, 228, 282; ballroom dancing, 220; country dancing, 60, 63, 70, 76, 77, 84, 85, 92, 93, 139, 146, 220, 254; maypole dancing, 70, 76, 83, 90, 140, 166, 276; morris dancing, 77, 83, 92, 107, 140, 166; polka, 205; sword dancing, 166
Daniels (Sister), (Hunter’s Hill), 97, 133, 152, 220-1, 228, 230
Daniels, (Sister) Helen (Cropwood), 59, 109, 111, 126, 145, 146, 174, 211, 219, 230
darning, 40, 70, 94, 150, 340
Davell, Pam, 296
Davenport, Bromley, 205, 206
Davies, Miss, 126, 173
Davies, Miss (teacher), 190, 191, 191
Davies, Mr. (teacher), 254
Davies, Mr. (Dir. of Music, Worcs.), 170
Davies (nurse), 171
Davies, Eileen, 167
Davis, Miss (teacher), 136
Davos, 265
Davos Alpine School, 116, 171, 177, 180, 181, 182, 196, 197, 198, 199, 326; see also Kunzle, Christian
Deakin, Miss (seamstress), 123, 151
death rate, children, 1, 2, 50, 102; see also tuberculosis
Deathridge, Jenny, 211
debility, 18, 64, 67, 77, 80, 102, 136, 195, 266; Cropwood, 55-6, 109, 242, 295; Hunter’s Hill, 111, 133, 221, 229, 252, 301; Skilts, 327; Uffculme, 23, 26, 30, 54, 238, 270
decayed teeth, see dental decay; dental treatment
deck-chairs, 6, 10
Deeble, Enid, 164
Defective and Epileptic Children
defective children, 2, 18, 20, 50; see also physically defective; mentally defective children
deformities, 67; see also ‘crippled’ children; disabled children
Degg, R., 180
delicate children, 2, 62, 64, 136, 162, 194, 196, 198, 234, 263, 266, 267, 313; rehabilitation of, 314; Cropwood, 61, 149, 292, 294; Hunter’s Hill, 129; Uffculme, 52, 53, 76, 85, 118, 203, 279
Dellar, Mr. (HMI), 210
dens, building of, 98, 114, 176, 310
dental decay, 11, 26, 49, 58, 164, 245; see also toothbrushes
dental treatment, 136; Cropwood, 148, 172, 213, 244, 245-6, 283, 291; Hunter’s Hill, 114, 131, 178, 221, 300; Skilts, 328; Uffculme, 26, 166
dentists, 172, 233, 245, 271; see also Cockburn; Finn; Linn; Parker; Tudor
Derbyshire, 79
desks, 39
Desmond, Ida, 59
diabetes, 295, 296
Dick, Dr. M.I., 57, 58, 59, 60, 67, 91, 132, 156, 177
Diespeker Ltd., 21
diet, see food; nutrition; school meals
‘difficult’ children, 129, 136, 163, 263, 295; see also ‘disturbed’ children; maladjusted children; sociological problems
digestive disturbances, 67
Dilworth, C.T. (teacher), 251
dinghy, 246, 248, 249
dining rooms, 26, 35, 87, 328, 332
diphtheria, 5, 31, 37, 44, 92, 102, 103, 113, 131, 143, 196, 264
dirty children, 5, 50, 135, 177, 264, 302; see also fleas; hygiene; lice; nits; verminous children
disabled children, 2, 4, 11, 136, 154, 266; see also ‘crippled’ children; physically defective; physically disabled/handicapped children
discipline, 37, 215, 266, 309; see also caning; punishment
diseases, of pupils, see admissions; Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports; individual diseases; open-air schools (treatment)
Disney, Miss (teacher), 121, 142, 145, 147
Disodium Cromoglycate (Intal), 313
‘disturbed’ children, 305; see also ‘difficult’ children; maladjusted children
Dix, Mr. (teacher), 59, 60
Docker, Irene, see Radnall, Irene
doctors, 101, 162, 163, 233, 267; see (names) Alford; Auden; Austin; Barlow; Boardman; Burns; Caddell; Carrington; Cohen; Coker; Crowley; Dick; Donovan; Eicholz; Fenton; Gale; Glover; Graham; Henderson; Hill; Innis; Johnston; Kemp; Lerrin; Llewellyn; Miller; Mitchell; Mole; O’Connors; Parsons; Phillips; Roberts; Rowe; Sainsbury; Shewring; Smallwood; Smellie; Smith; Sutherland; Thomson; Todman; Vollam; Wilson; Wilson Stuart; see also General Practitioners; School Medical Officers
Dodds (vicar of Hatton), 191
domestic duties, 63; Cropwood, 69, 110, 126, 150, 218, 285, 295; Haseley Hall, 186; Hunter’s Hill, 129, 134, 221; Uffculme, 166; see also potatoes, peeling; washing up
domestic science, 206, 217, 270, 272, 274-5, 276, 296; see also housecraft
Donnellan, Margaret, 243-4
Donovan, Dr., 146, 221
Dooling, Muriel, 341-2
dormitories, 194, 341; Cropwood, 55, 62, 69, 124, 176; Haseley Hall, 257, 259, 260; Hunter’s Hill, 97, 99, 133, 154, 158, 174, 179, 184, 221, 248, 253, 297, 299; Skilts, 333
Dorrie, Sister, 147
Dove, Miss (Birmingham Inspector of Special Schools and Educational Psychologist), 192, 211, 212, 213, 218, 219, 220, 227, 243, 256, 283
Dovedale, visit to, 133, 232, 254
drama, 129, 217, 253; see also pageants; plays
drawing, 8, 306
dressmaking, 146, 275; see also sewing
drill, physical, 34, 45, 74
dripping, 10, 35, 69, 71, 76, 115, 122, 177, 341
drugs, see medication
dry rot (Haseley Hall), 316, 324
ducks, 86, 107, 248, 255, 301
Duddy, Barbara, 175, 211
Dudley Road Hospital, 173
dufflecoats, 299
Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme, 305, 308
Dunne, Robert, 305
duties of staff, see staff; teachers
Dwyer, Jean, 139
dyslexia, 303
ear diseases, 96, 113, 130, 183, 192, 238
eczema, 203, 233, 238, 252, 263, 270, 320
Eden, Sir Anthony, 326
Edge, Doris M., see Taylor, Doris M.
Edmonton, 342
Education, Board of: grants to open-air schools, 7, 33, 37; physical training syllabus, 101; school medical service, start of, 4; see also Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports
Education, Ministry of, 172, 194, 195, 265
Education Acts: 1944, 136, 267; 1993, 267
educational attainment, 198, 330; see also academic ability; examinations, academic; testing
educational backwardness, see backward children; retarded children
educational philosophy, see open-air schools, aims of
educational standards, 5, 7, 8, 18, 39-40, 63; Cropwood, 68-9, 72, 91, 125, 170, 242; Haseley Hall, 257; Hunter’s Hill, 116, 155, 156, 182; Uffculme, 37-8, 73, 77, 83, 84, 85, 88, 118, 166, 168, 206; see also examinations, academic
educationally sub-normal children, 2, 222, 266, 267; see also backward children; defective children; difficult children; learning difficulties
Edwards, Ethelwyn (teacher), 24, 33, 52
Edwards (nurse), 106, 108
eggs, 72, 122, 139, 142, 151, 154
Eicholz, Dr. Alfred, 2, 4, 5
Elberfield, 2, 6
Elementary Education (Defective and Epileptic Children) Act, 1899, 2
Elizabeth, Princess, 179
Elliott, Mary, 320-1
Elnell, Doreen, 175
embroidery, 106, 140, 212; see also needlework
Embury, Jill, 174-5
Emery, Ron, 184
emotional problems, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268; see also ‘difficult’ children; maladjusted children; phobias; sociological problems
Empire Day, 35
employment, of children, 1, 100-1
encopresis, 221
enuresis, 135, 181, 252, 270, 300, 310
English language, 230, 269, 296
Ephedrine, 164, 221
epilepsy, 2, 27, 36, 190, 301
Erdington, 79, 314; see also Marsh Hill School
Etherington, Margaret (teacher), 164, 166
Eustace, Evelyn, see Cookson, Evelyn
evacuation, 117, 120, 125, 126, 132, 134, 135, 163; Cropwood, 141-2, 143, 144; Haseley Hall, 188; Hunter’s Hill, 153, 156; Uffculme, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141
Evans, Miss (teacher), 263
Evans, Beryl (teacher), 228, 231, 233, 247, 249
Evans, C.E. (teacher), 57
Evans, Lilian, 134
Evans, William (Bill) (teacher), 273, 274, 276, 278
Evershed, Mr. (teacher), 308
Everest exhibition/model, 224, 225
Ewers, Mary, 172, 175
examinations, academic, 59, 85, 155, 156, 166, 170, 177, 178, 214, 224; see also academic ability; educational standards
examinations, medical, see medical examinations
exercises, 2, 9, 41, 50, 74, 80, 151, 267; breathing, 9, 54, 90, 164, 195, 196, 221, 228, 265, 277, 319, 323, 328; postural, 221, 228, 263, 323; remedial, 67, 74, 90, 207, 221, 323, 327; Uffculme, 30, 34, 48, 74
expenditure (on open-air schools), 7, 19-20, 33, 37, 80; see also grants
Express and Star
extraneous duties of staff, see staff
eyes: defects, 11, 31, 49; diseases, 62, 67; testing, 28, 256, 322; see also conjunctivitis
factories, 1, 41, 202
failure to thrive, 324; see also debility; home environment; housing conditions; malnutrition
family: family atmosphere of schools, 128, 129, 266, 268, 291, 332; links with home, 196, 232; see also visiting days
fancy dress parties, 127
Farmer, Joan, 121-2
farms, 192, 257, 260, 279, 326, 327
fats, 63, 77, 78, 102; see also butter; cheese; dripping; nutrition; suet
‘feeble-minded’ children, 2, 18
feet: exercises for, 207; ‘flat’, 206, 268; hardening of, 176; verrucas, 252; see also walking barefoot
Fell, Gwen (children’s helper), 259-60, 260, 316, 316
Fellows, Mr. (caretaker ‘Frisky’), 132
Fellows, Peter, 169
Fenton, Dr. James, 11
Fenton, J. (nurse), 131, 152
Ferkin, Mrs. (kitchen staff), 274
fibrosis, 74, 91, 104, 109
fieldwork, 72; see also geography
figs, 107
film shows, 221, 223, 228, 290, 299, 310, 311, 312
Finn, Mr. (dentist), 172
fire, 178, 188, 317, 323
First World War, 40-1, 43, 44, 46, 49
Fisher, (Cllr) Mrs., 273
Fisher (Sister), 259, 260
fishing, 233, 246, 250, 301
Fishley, Margaret (Peggy), 94-5
Flannaghan, Paul, 332-3
fleas, 31; see also lice; nits; verminous infestations
Fleet Air Arm, 156
Floodgate School, 22
flowers: growing, 84, 107; wild, 124, 140, 151, 200, 257
fog: Marsh Hill, 81; Uffculme, 32, 45, 199, 203, 235, 272, 273
food, 10, 50, 80, 100, 101, 116, 264, 307, 314, 327, 340, 341; rationing, 135, 181; Cropwood, 118, 296; Haseley Hall, 259, 325; Hunter’s Hill, 310; Uffculme, 23, 236, 239, 268; see also bread; butter; cheese; dripping; eggs; fats; fruit; milk; nutrition; porridge; prunes; rice, ground; rice pudding; school meals; semolina; suet; tripe
football; Hunter’s Hill, 98, 132, 178, 181, 183, 184, 228, 229, 231, 247, 310, 311; Marsh Hill, 82, 161, 254; Uffculme, 76, 202, 275, 278
Ford, Joan, 121, 171
Fowler, John, 183
Fox, Olga, 340
France, visit to, 217, 220
Franklin, N. (teacher), 274
Franol, 164
Frayne, Linda, 238
Freestone, Doris, see Rolls, Doris
French, Mr. (teacher), 112
fresh air, 2, 4, 41, 244; army training, influence of, 40, 41; in mainstream schools, 266; open-air treatment, 8, 10, 50, 79, 80, 103, 173, 195, 327; sanatoriums, 2, 5, 10, 103; see also open-air schools
Frisby, Miss (teacher), 96, 112
Froebel training, 187, 190, 216, 322
frost, 194; frostbite, 154, 177, 227; Cropwood, 61, 92; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 113, 154; Uffculme, 30, 32, 35, 47, 74, 83; see also cold weather; snow
frozen ink, 76, 141, 168, 341
fruit, 6, 43, 63, 76, 97, 102, 122, 221; rationing, 135; see also figs; prunes
Fryers, Miss (children’s helper), 263
Furback, Helen (teacher), 263
furniture, 39, 57, 62, 194
Galbraith, James, 155
Gale, Dr. A. (inspector), 117, 121
Galtery, Miss (teacher), 172
games, see physical education
gardening, 10, 39, 63, 194; Cropwood, 59, 70, 71, 126, 146, 220; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 113, 159, 248, 309; Marsh Hill, 82, 160, 254; Uffculme, 27, 32, 33, 43, 47, 53, 77, 83, 85, 86, 108, 169, 204, 269, 270, 275; see also vegetables
Garraway, Steve, 133
Gartside, David, 260-1
gas masks, 158, 188
Gem St School, 22
General Practitioners, 198, 267; see also doctors
Genever, Miss (nurse), 219
geography, 10, 39, 63, 83, 88, 91, 128, 230, 269
George, D. (teacher), 297
George V, funeral of, 113
George, Fred, 184
George Street West School, 126
Germany, 2, 4, 5-6, 12, 22
Gibbs, Richard, 307
Girl Guides: Cropwood, 125, 217, 218, 239, 240, 286; Haseley Hall, 187, 188; Uffculme, 58, 65, 85, 90, 106
Gladwin, Florence, 107
Gloucester, Duke of, 112
Glover, Dr., 130
go-carts, 232
goat-keeping, 304
Goddard, Lucy, 121, 123-5, 171
Godrich, Julia, see Kimber, Julia
Golden Jubilee (1911-61, Uffculme), 271, 275
golf, 248, 299
Goodby, Bella, 176-7
Gorcott Hill, 326
Gordon, Miss (teacher), 287
Goss, Norma, see Chambers, Norma
Gossage, W., 237, 238, 274, 275
Gough, Miss (teacher), 84, 88, 89, 106, 108
Gould, Jean, 342
Goulden, Mr. (teacher), 68
Grace (meals), 76, 108, 269, 276
Graham, Dr. Lewis, 11, 41, 45, 53
Grammar School Entrance Examination, 85
Grant, Margaret E. (headteacher), 92, 120, 121, 124, 337
grants (to schools), 20, 33
graph work, 72, 333
Great Charles Street Clinic, 49, 103, 181, 222, 227, 240, 254, 301, 322
Greaves, Jean, 228-9
Green, Jean, 149-50
Green, N., 93
Greet (Kindergarten), 14
Guest, Florence, see Willis, Florence
Guest, Keen and Nettefold Ltd., 202
Guides, Girl, see Girl Guides
guinea pigs, 231, 248, 263, 301, 327, 333
Gunn, Margaret (domestic staff), 193; see also Hoyle, Margaret
gymnasiums, 81, 82, 160, 221; see also physical education
Hadow Report (1931), 79
Halesowen Isolation Hospital, 222
Haliday, Mavis, 175
Halifax, 6, 19
Hall, Carol, 296
Hall, John, 133
Hall, Pat, 175
Hallowe’en, 127, 170. 211, 281
Hammond, Dave, 323
hamsters, 301
Hancock, Mabel, 260; see also Bullock, Mabel
Hancock, Ray, 184
handicapped pupils, see ‘crippled’ children; disabled children; physically defective; physically disabled/handicapped children
Handicapped Pupils and School Health Service Regulations, 1945
handicrafts, see arts and crafts; craftwork; handwork; manual instruction
Handsworth clinic, 112, 222
handwork, 39-40, 47, 53, 60, 125, 129, 146, 148, 173, 177, 269; see also arts and crafts; craftwork; manual instruction
Hanley, Rita, 171
Hardinge, Mr. (teacher), 223
Harding’s Royal Steam Bakery, 21
Hardisty, Jean, 228; see also Greaves, Jean
Hardwicke, G., 235, 270, 274
Hardy, Miss (teacher), 109, 121, 124, 126, 149
Harlow, Miss (teacher), 84
Harman, Val, see Mullen, Val
Harper, Miss, 289
Harris, Margaret, 304-5
Harris, Reginald, 304, 305
Harrison, Miss (seamstress), 253
Harrison, Mr. (caretaker), 202
Harrison, E. (teacher), 235, 270, 271, 274, 276
Hart, Miss (cook), 33, 80
Hart, Son, Pearl & Co., 21
Hartfield Crescent School, 314
Hartman, Mrs. (teacher), 292
Haseley, 185, 188, 190
Haseley Hall School, 337; architectural building, 185, 186, 192, 318, 336; history (1891-1942), 185-9; opening, 146, 189-90; reorganisation, 321, 324; 1940s, 186, 188-93, 186; 1950s, 256-62; 1960s, 268, 293, 301, 315-26; see also school log books
Hatfield, Mr. (caretaker), 283
Hatton: church, 91, 258; School, 256, 257; station, 319
Hawkins, Ronald, 178
Haworth, Miss (teacher), 211
Haycock, R., 180
Hayley Green Isolation Hospital, 240, 242, 244, 282
haymaking, 43, 86, 118
Haynes, Rosina, 150
Hazel, Patricia C.J. (headteacher), xiv, 81, 255-6, 313-15, 337
Hazelbury Open-Air School, 342
Head, Brandon, 12
headteachers, 337, 338; (names) see Abbott; Alflatt; Anderson; Blundell; Boothroyd; Brown; Buckley; Butler-Fleming; Cameron; Charlton; Clarke; Grant; Hazel; Hibbert; Hurst; Miles; Mitchell; Moore; Morrison-Smith; Nye; Royle; Urquart; Walton; Williams; Wise; Wright
Headford, Frances, 207, 214; see also Wilmot, Frances
headteachers (personal accounts): Cropwood, 215-17; Haseley Hall, 190-2, 322-5; Marsh Hill, 255-6, 313-15; Skilts, 326-30
health authorities, 267
health education, 267
health, improvement in, 5, 6, 7, 19, 38, 41, 49, 79, 104, 116, 118, 134, 194, 233, 264, 265, 266, 267; after Swiss visits, 330; Cropwood, 91, 120, 121, 335; Haseley Hall, 190, 320; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 129, 228, 253; Marsh Hill, 256; Skilts, 330; Uffculme, 31, 46, 64, 83, 105, 118, 335
Health of the School Child
health, rules of, 8, 80, 122; see also open-air schools (aims/treatment)
health services, school, see school medical services (1907-45); school health services (1945-70)
heart disease, 8, 67, 89, 102, 103, 126, 127, 187, 189; decline of rheumatic hearts: Hunter’s Hill, 153, 221, 251; Uffculme, 31, 120; see also chorea; rheumatic children
heating, 9, 22, 66, 79, 82, 194, 208, 309; see also comfort
Hemming, Leslie, 88, 89
Henderson, Dr., 166, 172
Henshaw, Lou, 184
hepatitis, 282
Herring, P., 180
Hesford, J.A., Ltd., 21
Hewitt, Brenda, 208
Hewitt, Margaret, 151-2
Hewitt, P., 195
Hexley, K., 57; see also Wood, K.
Hibbert, Ella A. (headteacher), 65, 75, 76, 86, 88, 89, 104, 105, 106, 120, 139, 140, 167, 168, 198, 199, 337; appointment, 54; in school log books, 54, 136, 137, 138, 165, 271; photographs, 105, 165; retirement, 198, 199
Hicks, Maurice C., 132-3
Highbury Hall, 42, 44, 107
Higgins, Alice, 111
Highbury Park, 203
Hill (nurse), 249
Hill, Edward (gas lighting and cooking appliances), 21
Hill, Dr. Leonard, 41
Hill, (Bill) William (teacher), 183, 223, 225-6, 228, 229-33, 247, 249, 299, 301, 302-3
Hill Top Hospital Thoracic Unit (Bromsgrove), 195, 221, 258
history, 39, 63, 128, 230; see also curriculum; pageants
Hjelter, Vivienne, see Knight, Vivienne
Hingley, M. (teacher), 271, 274
HMIs, 338; see also inspectors (names); inspectors school reports
hobbies, 221, 228, 277; see also activities (outdoor); beekeeping; pets; photographic club; pigeons; poultry keeping; stamp club
hockey, 82, 108, 174, 241
Hodgson, (Sister), 126, 144, 212
Holdsworth, Mr. (HMI), 299
holiday camps, 101
holiday school: Cropwood, 148; Uffculme, 48, 52, 78
Holmes, Peter, 257
home, links with, 196; see also environment, home; family; visiting days
home economics lessons, see domestic science
home environment, 50, 79, 93, 102, 105, 112, 196, 265, 300, 327; see also housing conditions
Homer, Fred, 340-1
homesickness, 60, 61, 109, 125, 126, 147, 181, 197, 223, 224, 253, 260, 262, 265, 278, 298
honey, 146, 149, 151, 200, 306; see also beekeeping
Honour Bright
Hood, John, 82, 114
Hooper, Gwendoline M., 108
Hope, Henry, & Sons Ltd., 21
Horlicks, 104, 104
Horne, David, see Gartside, David
Horrell & Bowman (locks and fittings), 21
Horton, John, 119, 132
Horton, Olive, 139
hospital consultants, 101
hot weather, 22, 64, 67, 171, 173
House Mothers, 295, 296, 301
housecraft, 256, 270
housekeepers (own accounts), 330-1
‘houses’, school: Cropwood, 72, 121; Haseley, 190; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 129, 133, 221, 231, 303
housewifery classes, 218
housing conditions, poor, 2, 3, 5, 10, 19, 50, 54, 90, 93, 94, 102, 105, 111, 173, 187, 263, 270, 290-1, 299, 301; see also slums; poverty
Howarth, Miss, 212, 223
Hoyle, Mrs. (cleaner), 260
Hoyle, Julia (kitchenmaid), 191
Hoyle, Margaret (cook), 191; see also Gunn, Margaret
Hudson, Miss (teacher), 292
Hughes, Mr. (teacher), 132
Hughes, Mrs. (cook), 299
Hughes, Elsie, 114
Hughes, Evelyn, 114
Hughes, Hetty, 114
Hughes, John, 154-5
Hughes, Maureen, 280-2
Hughes, Veronica, 211
Hull, 341
Hunt, Arthur, xiii, 207, 208, 210, 234, 235, 237, 237-8
Hunt, David, 305
Hunt, E. (teacher), 289
Hunt, Lord (previously Col. and Sir John), 224, 225, 226
‘hunt the whistle’, 303
Hunter’s Hill, 16, 78, 80, 286, 325, 337; architecture/building, 95, 97, 98, 99, 113, 131, 335; opening of, 95-9; 1930s, 95-100, 111-17, 121, 128-34; 1940s, 152-60, 172, 177-84, 191; 1950s, 220-33, 246-53; extensions, 224, 231; 1960s, 261, 268, 297-313; extensions, 301, 304; see also Inspectors school reports; school log books
Hurley, Miss (teacher), 74
Hurley, Mr. (teacher), 254
Hurst, Mabel (headteacher), 24-5, 43, 44, 46, 337; in school log books, 46, 235, 271; photographs, 24, 272; resignation, 46
huts (school buildings), 340, 341
Hutton, Joyce, see Turner, Joyce
hygiene, 4, 9, 22, 41, 50, 62, 80, 102, 114, 117, 173, 217, 267, 269; see also baths; showers
hysteria, 246
Ice and Refrigeration Company, 89
ice-cream, 89
Imperial Institute lectures, 173, 179, 211
impetigo, 192, 264
independence, 303
industry, 1, 116; see also factories
influenza: Cropwood, 148, 241, 243; Hunter’s Hill, 153, 156, 179, 222, 251, 252, 299; Uffculme, 46, 49, 54, 74, 234, 235; see also colds
Ingram, Bruce, 205
inhalers, 195, 196, 238, 239, 265; see also asthma
ink, frozen, 76, 141, 168, 341
Innis, Dr., 143
inspections, medical, see medical examinations; medical inspections
Inspectors (HMIs), 338; (names) Asher; Bardsley; Dellar; Gale; Holdsworth; Irwin; Jackson; Lightowler; Machin; Marks; Morris; Pedley; Ramirez; Ross; Wyllie
Inspectors school reports (HMIs): Cropwood, 68, 90-1, 118-19, 121; Hunter’s Hill, 118-19, 128-9, 220-1, 300; Marsh Hill, 82, 118-19; Skilts, 330; Uffculme, 73, 83, 117-19, 268, 269-70, 271; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports)
Institute of Educational Research, 180
institutional dependance, 303
Intal, 313
integration of delicate pupils, to secondary schools, 313-14
International Congress on School Hygiene, 4, 19
Invalid Children’s Aid Nationwide, 268
iron medicine, 342
Irwin, Mr. (HMI), 45
isolation room (Uffculme), 141
Isoniazid, 196, 233
Isoprenaline, 265
Jackman, Pamela, 175
Jackson, C.E. (HMI), 68
James, (Sister), 263
James, Betty, 166-7
James, Helen, 205
James, Ruth, see Smith, Ruth
Jarvis, Mary (teacher), 35, 43, 52
Jay, Miss (teacher), 109
Jenkins, (Sister), 192
Jenner, E.M., 36
Jennings, Flora, 138
jerseys, 23, 25, 27, 28, 43, 57, 76, 102, 139, 167, 208
Johnson, Rowena, 274
Johnston, Dr., 317
Jones, Miss (teacher), 175, 183, 221
Jones, Miss (teacher), 322, 323, 325
Jones, Mr. (gardener), 274
Jones, Mr. (teacher), 68
Jones, Billy, 72
Jones, Idwal (teacher), 306, 311
Jones, John, 268-9
Jones, Kevin, 306
Jones, Margaret (Peggy), see Fishley, Margaret
Jones, Marguerite, 69-71, 75-6
Jones, Phyllis (teacher), 259, 260, 262
Jones, R. (teacher), 80, 82, 160, 161
Jones, Rhoda L., 109-10
Jordan, Philip, 238
Jukes, Robert W., 107
Kanchenjunga expedition, 225, 226, 227; school project, 226, 229
Keen, Mr. (teacher), 178
Keen, Mrs. (nurse), 57, 109, 121, 126, 145, 147, 150, 151, 173, 212
Kemp, G. (nurse), 112
Kemp, Dr. P.R. (Medical Officer for Birmingham’s Special Schools): Cropwood, 121, 126, 171, 172, 173, 210, 212, 220, 240, 241; Haseley Hall, 192, 257, 260, 315, 316, 322; Hunter’s Hill, 131, 132, 180, 181, 183, 222, 227, 228, 246, 247, 251, 298, 299; Marsh Hill, 254; Uffculme, 271
Kempsey, 120, 137, 138, 141, 154
Kenilworth Pageant, 76
Kenrick, Sir George, 27, 28
Kent, Bernard, 60
Kenward, Pauline, 342
keretitis, 67
Kidd, Peter, 120
Kidgil, Billy, 304
Kimber, Julia, 276-7
kindergartens, Birmingham, 14
King, Ada E., see Newsome, Ada E.
King, Patricia, 189
King’s Heath, 18, 27, 275; baths, 166, 207; station, 25
Kings Norton, 27
Kinson, Mary, 175
kitchens: Haseley, 256; Hunter’s Hill, 250, 301, 302; see also cooks
kitchens (staff): personal reminiscences, 176-7, 193, 330-1; Haseley Hall, 191; Uffculme, 21, 24, 32, 38, 270, 274; see also cooks
Kite, Elsie, 121, 122-3; see also Annis, Elsie
Kite, Margaret, see Hewitt, Margaret
Knight, Leslie, 155-6
Knight, Stephen J., 319-20
Knight, Vivienne, 244-5
knitting, 27, 40, 44, 94, 149
Knowle, 317, 321
Kunzle, Christian, 117, 177, 196, 197; Kunzles’ firm, 77, 182, 197; funeral, 200; see also Davos Alpine School
Kunzle, George, 197, 198
Kyte, Edith, 71
Laing, Cedric B., 201-3
Lake, Miss (cook), 212, 213
Lamb, David (teacher), 249, 252
Lambsdown, Miss (teacher), 254
Langdon, Heather, 160
Langham, Ernest, 32
Lannon, Owen, 161
lantern shows, 68
Lattimore, Miss (teacher), 170
Lawrence, Mr. (teacher), 183
Lawrence, Derek, 181, 182-3
Lawson, Mr. (teacher), 270
Layer, L.E. (Sister), 57, 59
Layton, Vashti, 297
Leadbeater, Miss (teacher), 183
Leamington lights, 258, 315
learning abilities, 266; see also academic ability, attainment testing; academic ability; educational standards
learning difficulties, 267, 279, 303, 312, 314; see also backward children; educationally sub-normal children; retarded children; special needs
leatherwork, 230
Leavesley, Margaret, see Bert, Margaret
leaving certificates, 106, 123, 168, 203
lectures, 173, 179, 211
Ledger, Miss (teacher), 183
Lee, Alan, 184
Leicester, 79
Lerrin, Dr., 289
lessons, see curriculum
letters, writing, see writing
Lewis, Miss (teacher), 298
Lewis, Mr. (teacher), 168
Lewis, Kenneth, 312
liberty bodices, 57, 69, 110
libraries, school, 221, 224, 228, 230
lice, 31, 49, 50, 264; see also fleas; nits; verminous infestations
Lickey Hills, 60, 68, 123, 159
Lickey Incline, 99, 114, 132, 159, 229, 249, 305
life expectation, 267
Lightowler, Miss (HMI), 272
Linn, Hugh (dentist), 245, 283
lino-cutting, 112
literature: readers of, 328; study of, 40; see also reading; story telling
Little Bromwich Hospital, 103, 113, 130, 155, 169, 181, 220
Little Green Lane Special School, 126, 132, 143, 154
Livey, Kenneth, 238
living standards, improvement of, 334
Llewellyn, Dr., 166, 172
log books, see school log books
Loggia (Cropwood), 16, 281
London, 2; Education Department 1898, 2, 4; open-air schools, 6, 80, 341, 342
Lang, Miss (teacher), 138
Langbridge Laundry, 112
Loveday Maternity Hospital, 145
Lowe, M. (teacher), 131
Lowndes, H.C., 99-100
Lowries, Mr., 220
Lucas, Eileen, 93
lung diseases, see asthma; bronchitis; bronchiectasis; catarrh; chest conditions
Lunney, Gillian, 237-8
Lupus Vulgaris, 31, 106
M & B (drug), 178, 213
Mabbett, Ray, 81-2
McCormick, J.C. (teacher), 270, 271
McDonald, J. (teacher), 297, 298, 299, 301, 309
Macfarlane, Walter, & Co., 21
Machin, Mr. (HMI), 299
McIndoe, Miss, 144
McLuskey, David, 304
McMillan, Margaret, 6
magistrates, Birmingham, 14, 17
Maguire, Miss (teacher), 155, 156, 159
maladjusted chidren, 136, 163, 194, 195, 198, 264, 266; Cropwood, 120; Hunter’s Hill, 297, 301, 309, 311, 312; Skilts, 332; Uffculme, 270, 278, 269; see also backward children; ‘difficult’ children; ‘disturbed’ children; nervous children
Maladjusted Children, Report
malnutrition, 1, 2, 4, 8, 19, 23, 26, 49; 1920s, 50, 62, 64; 1930s, 101, 102, 104, 106, 112, 116, 341; 1950s, 221, 233, 238, 263, 342; 1960s, 264, 266, 270, 301
malt, 10, 59, 71, 139, 254
Malvern, 68, 91, 109, 133, 178, 181, 183, 223, 229, 232, 249, 298
Malvern Open-Air School, 223, 340-1
Manchester, 4, 19
Mann, Mrs. (teacher), 199
manual instruction, 7, 8, 38; see also arts and crafts; craftwork; handwork
mapwork, 72, 307; see also geography
Margaret, Princess, 298
Marks, A. (HMI), 117, 121
Marsh Hill School, 337; architecture/building, 81, 82, 254, 255, 256; opening of, 80-1; 1930s, 79-82, 96, 113; 1940s, 160-1, 164; 1950s, 195, 197, 228, 233, 253-6, 272, 278, 284, 299; 1960s, 264, 268, 272, 278, 284, 299, 313-15, 338; see also Inspectors school reports; school log books
Marshall, Jean (Sister), 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 252-3, 299
Marston, Betty, see Webster, Betty
Marston, Margaret, see Timmins, Margaret
Martineau Cottage, 260
Martineau family, 188, 260
Martineau, Clara, 56, 57, 59, 60, 68, 91, 101, 275
Martineau House (seaside school): Bognor Regis, 233, 234, 235, 237, 256, 271, 275, 277, 278, 285; Towyn, 101, 199, 200, 202, 203, 206, 207, 233, 237, 256
mastoid, 156
mathematics, see arithmetic
maypole dancing, see dancing
meals, see food; nutrition; school meals
means test (school fees), 133
Meanwell, Keith, 197, 228
measles, 5, 31, 287, 299
medical charts, 134
Medical Council, 67
medical examinations (of Birmingham’s open-air pupils), 196; Cropwood, 57, 58, 91, 210, 220, 240, 241, 243; Skilts, 328; Uffculme, 22, 32, 26, 45-6, 64, 239; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports)
Medical Inspection Report
medical inspections (of all schoolchildren), 2, 4, 11, 19, 117, 136, 198, 267; see also Inspectors school reports; medical examinations; school medical officers; school medical service
medical officers, see Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports); Chief Medical Officers annual reports; school medical service
medical records, 118, 121, 239
medical science, progress in, 334
medical services, school, see school medical services (1907-45); school health services (1945-70)
Medical Society, 185
medical treatment, 32, 136, 163, 196, 267, 269; beginnings of school clinics, 47; see also National Health Service; open-air schools (treatment); school health services; school medical services
Medical Treatment Act 1909, 4
medication, 71, 106, 134, 164, 238, 239, 252, 265, 267, 294, 314; see also advertisements (medicines), asthma inhalers; tonics; vitamins; specific drugs: Adrenelene; Aminophyline; Atropine Co; Disodium Cromoglycate (Intal); Ephedrine; Franol; Isoniazid; Isoprenaline; M & B; Neo-Epinine; Nublae; PAS; Sulphadiazine; Sulphaquanidin; Sulphathiazine
Meer, Bernard (teacher), 333-4
Megs, Mrs. (kitchen staff), 274
Mellor, F. (teacher), 33, 46, 53
mentally defective children, 45; see also educationally sub-normal children
Merchant Navy Comforts Service, 146, 147, 148, 149, 152
Merrick, Miss (teacher), 289
Merriman, M. (teacher), 224
‘Merry-Go-Round’, 311
metalwork, 8, 47, 275
Middleton, Pat, 175
Midland Counties Dairy Ltd., 77, 100
Midland Educational Co. Ltd., 21
Midland Festival Competition, 92
midnight feasts, 71, 179, 180, 248, 298
migraine, 270
Miles, J.E. (headteacher), 253, 254, 337
milk, 6, 50, 63, 100, 101, 102, 116, 135, 136, 264, 277; Cropwood, 69, 70, 121, 285; Haseley Hall, 190; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 221; Uffculme, 25, 30, 43, 54, 76, 77, 108, 138, 139, 166, 200, 205; see also Milk Marketing Board; National Milk Publicity Council; National Milk Scheme
Milk in Schools Act 1934, 100
Milk Marketing Board, 50, 100
Miller, Dr., 271
Miller, Mrs. (cook), 244
Millward, Mrs. (kitchen staff), 274
Mitchell, Dr. (Medical Officer of Health), 121, 126, 130, 148, 169, 187
Mitchell, Ivor (headteacher), 326-30, 337
Modern Building Record
Mole, Dr., 243, 283, 298
monitors, 87, 166, 169, 276
Montessori teaching, 52
Moore, Joan (teacher), 235, 271, 274
Moore, John, 261-2
Moore, Marian (headteacher), 185, 187, 188, 189
Moore, Michael, 205
Morris, Shirley, 238
morris dancing, see dancing
Morris, Miss (teacher), 287
Morris, Miss (HMI), 210
Morris, Mr. and Mrs. (Martineau House), 203
Morrison-Smith, Dr. J., 240, 246, 264, 265
Mort (nurse), 211
Mortiboys, Frank (caretaker), 191
Moseley, 12
Moseley Hall, 12, 13; Hospital, 43, 69, 270, 279
Moss, Ruby, 175
mothercraft lessons, 91
Mountford, D.M., 312
Mountney, Mr. (caretaker), 292
Mullard, Eileen, see Davies, Eileen
Mullen, Val, 287-9
mumps, 32, 46, 68, 169, 177, 211
Murphy, Kathleen, 207
Murray, Joan, 122
music, 188, 190, 217, 236, 253, 269, 270, 296; see also concerts
Musty, Catherine, 284
Musty, Jenny, see Cangy, Jenny
naked: runs in the snow, 158; walking around, 115; see also sunbathing (Cropwood)
Nash, Jean, see Green, Jean
National Adult School Union, 13
National Association of Schoolmasters, 96
National Exhibition of Children’s Art, 306
National Health Service, 162, 163, 198, 267; see also school health services; school medical services
National Health Service Act, 267
National Milk Publicity Council, 50
National Milk Scheme, 135
National Union of Teachers, 266
nature study, 10, 63, 194; Cropwood, 59, 68, 69, 91, 123-4, 151; Haseley Hall, 191; Hunter’s Hill, 230, 309; Marsh Hill, 81; Uffculme, 19, 23, 27, 39, 43, 44, 65, 83, 107, 166, 200, 206, 207, 269
Nechells, 95, 181
needlework, 8; Cropwood, 146, 148, 171, 172, 211; Hunter’s Hill, 230; Uffculme, 40, 270, 275
neglected children, 229, 238, 239; see also debility
Neo-Epinine, 164
nephritis, 221, 270
nervous children, 163, 198, 233, 234, 267, 342; Cropwood, 242, 291; Hunter’s Hill, 129, 221, 229, 301; Uffculme, 103, 105, 238, 269, 270; see also maladjusted children
nervous disorders, 8, 62, 67, 136, 229, 313; see also backward children; maladjusted children; nervous children
netball, 108, 217, 254
neurosis, 109; see also nervous children
New Street station (Birmingham), 62, 115, 162, 163
New York City, 6
Newall, Winnie, 24, 35
Newland, Anthony, 208
Newman, 180
Newman, Sir George, 4, 8, 80, 101
Newnham, Rose, 82
Newsome, Ada E., 43-4, 272
Newton, Miss, 287, 289
Nichol, (Sister), 173
nits, 50, 135, 181, 238, 239; see also lice
Noakes, Mrs. (children’s helper), 191
Norris, N., 341
North of England Furnishing Co., 21
Norwich, 6
Nublae, 164
nurses, 101, 118, 135, 172, 195, 234, 266, 314; at Cropwood, 92, 93, 124, 125, 126, 144, 147, 150, 171, 212, 219, 242, 243, 280, 282, 283, 287, 292, 293, 296; at Haseley Hall, 186, 187, 191 192, 256, 259, 315, 316, 322; at Hunter’s Hill, 97, 112, 114, 130, 131, 133-4, 156-7, 181; at Marsh Hill, 82, 160, 254, 314; at Skilts, 263, 316, 317, 328, 330; at Uffculme, 24, 36, 37, 45, 48, 75, 84, 106, 108, 166, 208, 234, 235, 237, 238-9, 269
nurses (names), see Allison; Ashby; Atkins; Barrett; Bendall; Bigger; Bond; Brown; Coan; Comb; Cone; Crosby; Dainty; Daniels; Davies; Dorrie; Edwards; Fenton; Fisher; Genever; Gossage; Hill; Hodgson; James; Jenkins; Keen; Kemp; Layer; Marshall; Mort; Nichol; Parry; Proctor; Puddifoot; Rogers; Sandy; Sheldon; Shemwell; Simfield; Smith; Southam; Tippetts; Wilkins; Williams; Yelland
nurses (personal accounts): Hunter’s Hill, 133-4, 252-3; Uffculme, 238-9
nutrition, 30, 63, 79, 100, 101, 135, 164, 187, 264, 267; see also food; school meals
Nye, A.E. (headteacher), 337
obesity, 233
O’Connors, Dr. Caroline, 5, 11, 37, 45
Okey, Margaret, see Donnellan, Margaret
Oliver, Mrs. (teacher), 325
O’Looney, Teresa, 296
open-air schools: aims of, 23, 41, 62-4, 66, 67, 79, 80, 84, 194, 250, 264, 267, 325; changes in, 233, 237, 239, 256, 264-8, 271, 274, 276, 277, 278, 303, 309, 312, 313-15, 325, 334; clothing for, 6, 9, 23, 27, 39, 102, 195; first pioneer schools, 5, 6, 18, 19; requirements of, 8-10, 19, 39, 62-4, 66, 102, 195; survey of, 194-5, 266; treatment, 7, 8, 15, 16, 18, 19, 38, 41, 50, 78, 102, 116, 118, 198, 229; statistics: 1920s, 50, 56, 64; 1930s, 79-80, 83, 95, 101, 105, 116; 1950s, 196, 221, 233, 242; 1960s, 266, 271, 295, 312, 329; summary of, 334-5, 337; see also Appendix III, 340-2
Open-Air Studies, British Association Conference on, 27
Open Days, see visiting days
Open-Spaces Association, 10
opera, 311
O’Reegan, Gerard, 306
O’Riley, Mr. (teacher), 332
O’Shaugnessy, John, 168-9
osteomyelitis, 171, 227
otitis media, 221
outdoor activities, see activities, outdoor
outings, see school outings
overcoats, 94, 102, 110, 150, 231, 307; see also clothing
Owen, Miss (teacher), 109, 125, 126, 142
Owen, Frances, 175
Owen, Freda, 176
Owen, Jack, 60
paddling pool, 241, 258, 261, 297, 299, 319
pageants, 75, 76, 77, 83, 83, 85, 89
painting, 231, 306
pantomimes, 223, 232
paper cutting, 39; see also arts and crafts
parents: over-anxious, 265; parental rejection, 300; see also
Parents Committee, Cropwood, 218, 239, 243, 283
Parker, Mr.,112
Parker, Mr. (dentist), 300
Parker, Celia, 24
Parker, Florence, see Gladwin, Florence
Parker, Margaret, 340
Parker, Winder & Achurch Ltd., 21
Parks, Miss (teacher), 234
Parry, Sister (nurse), 191, 192, 256
Parsons, Mrs. (physiotherapist), 277
Parsons, Dr. Agnes, 11
Parsons, Hubert, 60
pasteurisation, of milk, 264
PAS (drug), 233
paths, making of, 194
Patterson, Rev. Carlisle, 240
Payne, Miss (teacher), 323
Peace Celebrations, 48
Peacock, Barry (architect), 14, 17, 21, 55; see also Cossins, Peacock & Bewlay (architects)
Peake, Gillian, see Lunney, Gillian
Pearce, Mrs. (teacher), 292
Pearman, John, 326
Pedley, Miss (HMI), 299
Pegg, Joyce, 106
periodical examinations, see medical examinations
Perkins, Miss (teacher), 67, 68, 70
Perrygrove, Mr. (caretaker), 143, 211; death, 212
Perrygrove, Mrs., 146, 177
Perthes disease, 221
Peters, Mr. (teacher), 254
petit-mal, 270, 342
petrol rationing, 241
pets, 39, 231, 247, 330, 333; see also animals; bantams; hens
Phillips, Dr., 328
Phillips, Betty, see Roberts, Betty
Phillips, Olive, 95
philosophy of open-air schools, see open-air schools (aims)
phlyctenular ophthalmia, 31
phobias: fear/dislike of school, 234, 270, 275, 297, 301
photographic club, 306, 311
Physical Deterioration, Local Government Board’s Report (1904)
physical drill, 34, 45, 74
physical education, 12, 50, 63, 74, 101, 118; Cropwood, 111, 220, 242, 243, 296; Hunter’s Hill, 179, 230, 231, 309; Uffculme, 48, 74; see also drill; dancing; exercises; sports
physical handicaps, see disabled children; physically defective; physically disabled/handicapped children
physically defective, 2, 4, 11; see also ‘crippled’ children
physically disabled/handicapped children, 2, 154, 156, 221, 266, 313; see also ‘crippled’ children; disabled children
physiotherapy, 139, 141, 195, 239, 252, 268, 276, 292
phythisis, 45
picnics, 126
pigeons, 248
physical relaxation, see rest
Piff, Alice, 26
Pilgrims School (for asthmatics), 268
Pilling, Kenneth, 294
pine trees, 5, 243
Pines School, 314, 315
Pinner, Richard (teacher), 306, 307, 308, 309-12
Pinsent, Hume (Mrs.), 27, 28, 32
planned rhythm (timetable), 327, 328, 330; see also curriculum
Plant, Miss (teacher), 84, 85
plasticine modelling, 48
platforms, slatted, 39, 341, 342
Platt, Enid, see Deeble, Enid
playroom (Cropwood), 123, 124, 125, 295
plays, school: Cropwood, 91, 172; Hunter’s Hill, 95, 224, 247, 308; Uffculme, 89, 204, 205, 210; see also drama; pantomimes
Plester, Mr. (gardener), 260, 261
Plowman, Audrey, 149, 173, 211
pneumonia, 91, 103, 112, 150, 253, 340
pocket money, 248
polio, 221
polka, see dancing
Pollentine, Miss, 285
pollution, 1, 2, 5, 54, 196, 265
ponds, making of, 194
pool, Uffculme, 83, 141
porridge, 1, 6, 10, 52, 101, 236, 341; Cropwood, 69, 72, 122; Haseley Hall, 187, 193; Hunter’s Hill, 187, 193; Uffculme, 25, 30, 43, 54, 76, 139, 166, 200, 204, 208, 236; see also school meals
postural defects, 90; see also exercises; spine, curvature of
postural drainage, 195, 216, 236, 238, 307
postural exercises, see exercises
potatoes, 79, 122, 157; peeling, 27, 166, 176
Potter, Ellen M. (teacher), 24, 35, 36
pottery, 229, 254, 276
Pott’s disease, 221
poultry keeping, 39, 47, 53
poverty, 10, 11, 18, 50, 90, 102, 163; see also housing conditions; malnutrition
Powell, Councillor, 271
Powell, W.J. (teacher), 305, 307, 308
Pratt, Miss (teacher), 67, 70, 112
Preece, Mary, 71
prefects: Cropwood, 212, 295; Hunter’s Hill, 179, 248, 250, 302; see also ‘houses’
pre-school care, 267
preventative medicine, 6, 77, 267
Price, Mr. (caretaker), 284
Price, A. (night attendant), 136
Priestman, Miss (teacher), 186, 187, 188, 189
Priestman, Mrs., 17
primary units (for delicate pupils), 314, 315
Pritchard, Miss (teacher), 138
Pritchard, June, see Teece, June
probation officers, 172, 298, 308
Proctor (nurse), 292
project work, 248; see also individual school log book entries
Providence (America), 6, 8
prunes, 86, 99, 101, 107, 115
psoriasis, 270
psychological disorders, 267, 303; see also emotional problems; learning difficulties; maladjusted children
psychosomatic disorders, 263, 326
public health, 264, 314
Public Health
Puddifoot, Mrs. (nurse), 317, 323
pulmonary fibrosis, see fibrosis
punishment, 167, 169, 273, 340; corporal, 82; see also caning; discipline
Queen’s Hospital, Birmingham, 185
Queensbridge School, 200, 206, 274
rabbits, 28, 224, 231, 247, 301, 333
Radnall, Irene, 106
raffia work, 48, 65, 86, 231
Raistrick, Miss (teacher), 172
rambles, see walks
Ramirez, Miss (HMI), 271
Randall, C. (teacher), 235, 270, 271, 273, 274, 276, 279
ration books, 181; see also food
Raybould, Raymond, 341
Rea, River, 185
reading: Cropwood, 150, 242, 281, 293; Hunter’s Hill, 128, 229, 230; Uffculme, 32, 48, 236, 268, 269, 306; see also remedial reading; storytelling
reading/speaking competitions, 121
records (of pupils), 69; see also admission registers
record sessions, 277, 288
Redditch, 148, 178, 247, 326
Reedswood Park Open-Air School, 340
Reid, Audrey, 211; see also Plowman, Audrey
Reid, Pat, 291
religious education, 231, 269; see also assembly, school
remedial breathing, see exercises
remedial exercises, see exercises; physiotherapy
remedial gymnast, 327; see also Collins, Mr.
remedial reading, 268, 269, 292
remedial teaching, 198, 229, 269
respiratory disorders, see asthma; bronchiectasis; bronchitis; catarrh; chest conditions
rest, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 50, 64, 80, 119, 194, 233, 264, 266, 342; Cropwood, 61, 67, 68, 70, 71, 93, 124, 217, 218; Haseley, 319, 324; Hunter’s Hill, 97, 99, 159, 161, 248, 252, 310; Marsh Hill, 82, 160, 254; Skilts, 328; Uffculme, 19, 39, 41, 46, 47, 52, 53, 85 87, 139, 141, 164, 166, 204, 206, 236, 239, 271, 277
rest-sheds: Cropwood, 55, 67, 68, 71, 243; Marsh Hill, 81, 195, 254, 255, 256; Uffculme, 23, 29, 30, 32, 45, 47, 106, 117, 208, 234, 239, 254, 270
retarded children, 243, 265; Cropwood, 217, 242; Hunter’s Hill, 228; Skilts, 329; see also backward children
rheumatic children, 52, 67, 185; Cropwood, 109; Haseley Hall, 185-6, 187; Hunter’s Hill, 221
Rheumatic Clinic, 228
rheumatic fever, 103, 185, 186, 187, 189
rheumatic hearts, see heart diseases
Rice, G.A. (teacher), 247, 249
Rice, Margaret, 253
rice, ground, 54, 107
rice pudding, 123
Richardson, K. (teacher), 298
Richardson, Leslie (teacher), 220, 224, 228, 248-9, 249, 251, 253, 297, 299
Richardson, Nellie, see Crawford, Nellie
Richards, June, 204
rickets, 5, 31, 49, 52, 62, 264
Riley, A. (caretaker), 74
ringworm, 5, 31, 49, 102, 264
Roberts, Dr., 146, 177
Roberts, Betty, 149
Roberts, Gladys, 150, 151
Roberts, J. (teacher), 96, 99, 111
Roberts, M. (teacher), 297
Robinson, Brian, 184
Robinson, Dr. O., 30
Rodell, Irene, 341
Rogers, (nurse), 48
Rogers, J. (teacher), 96, 99, 112
roller skating, 232
Rolls, Doris, 89-90
Rose, Miss (teacher), 132
Rosemary Cottage, 14, 16, 55, 59, 67, 71, 98, 110, 144, 149, 176, 218, 219, 220, 241, 283, 284, 289, 290, 296; see also Cropwood School
Ross, Mr. (caretaker), 221, 223, 249, 302, 304
Ross, Mrs., 114, 222, 223, 228, 232, 247, 250, 251
Ross, E.L. (Inspector of Special Schools, Birmingham), 67, 68, 91, 129, 144, 146, 148, 149, 171, 173, 192, 210, 211, 294
rounders, 73, 92, 108, 121, 161, 217, 231, 254
Roundheads and Cavaliers Pageant, 83
Rowe, Dr., 227
Royal Commission on the Blind, Deaf (1899)
Royle, Gillian (headteacher), 315, 316, 321, 322-5, 337
rugby, 88
rugmaking, 73, 229
rugs, 9, 23, 25, 76; see also blankets
Rumball, Diana, 172, 175
runaways, see absconding
rural science, 231; see also animals; pets
Rushton, Mr. (caretaker), 87
Russell, E.L. (Chief Education Officer), 213, 227
Russell, Mrs. (cook), 24, 33
Sainsbury, Dr., 145, 162, 163, 170
St Martin’s Church, Birmingham, 272
St Vitus’s dance, see chorea
sandpit, 241, 258, 297, 317, 324
Sandy (nurse), 126
Satchwell, Mrs. (teacher), 289
Saul, Pauline, xiii, 203-6; see also Brueton, Pauline
Savage, Mr. (teacher), 84
Sawdon, Miss (teacher), 170
Sawyer, Lady Adelaide, 185, 319
Sawyer, Sir James, 185 185, 193, 319
Saunders, D., 342
scabies, 264
scales, 28, 63, 185
scarlet fever, 5, 16, 27, 28, 31, 35, 59, 156, 181, 210; decline of, 264
school attendance, see absconding; admissions; school log books
school camps, 79; see also camp school (Cropwood)
School Choirs Festival, 108
school clinics, 101, 112, 162, 198, 264, 308, 314; establishment of, 4, 11; eye clinic, 222, 227, 299; see also Asthma Clinic; Great Charles St Clinic; Handsworth Clinic; Rheumatic Clinic; school health services; school medical services
School Dental Officers, 233, 245, 271; see also dentists
school health services (1945-70) (formerly called school medical services): 1940s, 136, 142, 162; 1950s, 194, 196, 198, 241; 1960s, 264-8, 289, 314; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports); Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports (Board/Ministry of Education); school medical services (1907-1945)
school inspections, see Inspectors school reports
School Inspectors, see Inspectors
school leavers, 202, 272, 278; see also leaving certificates
school log books, 326, 338-9; Cropwood: 1920s, 57-61, 67-8; 1930s, 91-2, 109, 120-1, 125-8; 1940s, 142-9, 169-73; 1950s, 210-13, 217-20, 240-2; 1960s, 282-4, 287, 289-90, 292-3, 295; Haseley Hall: 1940s, 192-3; 1950s, 256-8; 1960s, 315-17, 321; Hunter’s Hill: 1930s, 96-7, 112-14, 130-2; 1940s, 152-3, 156, 177-81; 1950s, 222-4, 227-8, 246-7, 251, 252; 1960s, 298-302, 307-8; Marsh Hill: 1930s, 81; 1960s, 313; Uffculme: 1911-19, 25, 28-37, 44-9; 1920s, 52-4, 64-5, 73-5; 1930s, 120; 1940s, 136-8, 164-6; 1950s, 199-200, 234-6; 1960s, 270-3, 278-9
school meals, 4, 5, 6, 10, 19, 41, 63, 101, 135, 136, 264, 266, 314; payment of, 28, 43, 80, 167, 208; Cropwood, 72, 92, 122, 124, 174, 280-1, 285; Haseley Hall, 325; Hunter’s Hill, 97, 99, 154, 159; Marsh Hill, 82, 160, 161, 254; Uffculme, 21, 25, 26, 28, 36, 43, 75, 76, 87, 104, 107, 108, 120, 139, 141, 166, 200, 209, 236, 237, 238, 268, 269, 276, 277; see also food; nutrition
school medical officers, 11, 63, 79, 100, 112, 118, 164, 173, 194, 195, 196, 221, 239, 243, 264, 289, 314, 317, 328; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports); Chief Medical officers annual reports (Board/Ministry of Education); doctors; school health/medical service
school medical services (1907-45): foundation of, 4, 11, 19, 31; First World War, 41, 49; 1920s, 50, 52, 62-4, 67; 1930s, 79, 100, 101-2, 117; 1940s, 135-6; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports); Chief Medical officers annual reports (Board/Ministry of Education); school health services (1945-70)
school outings, 133, 222, 232, 290, 299; see also Dovedale; France; Leamington; Lickey Hills; Malvern; Stratford
school plays, see plays, school
school records, 338; see also Admission Registers; school log books
School Registers, see Admission Registers
schools, see individual names: Astley Hall; Beausale; Bow Rd; Cottingham Rd; Cropwood; Dame Cadbury; Floodgate; Gem St; George St West; Greet Kindergarten; Hartfield Crescent; Haseley Hall; Hatton; Hazlebury; Hunter’s Hill; Little Green Lane; Malvern; Marsh Hill; Pines; Reedswood Park; Shenstone; Skilts; Springfield; Springwell Hse; Stockland Green; Uffculme; Upton House; Welsh Farm; William Murdoch; Wroxall; Wroxall Abbey
scooters, 245, 248, 251
Scouts: Cropwood, 59; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 112, 304
screens (classroom/dormitory), 9, 21, 22, 38, 68, 76, 82, 124, 270
Scrivener, Mrs. (teacher), 323
Scrivington, Miss (teacher), 197
Seaside School, see Martineau House (Seaside School)
Second World War, 117, 126, 134-60, 162, 188, 190; see also air raids; wartime
security, 300
selection of pupils, 19, 23, 62, 116; see also admissions
selection of staff, see staff (selection)
Selly Oak Hospital, 172
semolina, 86, 99
septic throats, 37
Severn Trent Water Authority, 321
Sewell, Colleen, 296
sewing, 40, 48, 94, 108; see also darning; dressmaking
sex education, 267, 327
Shaftesbury, Earl of, 1
Sharman, Mrs. (teacher), 316
Sharp, Miss, 284
Shaw, George B., 108
Shaw, R.M., 57
Shawson, Edith, 71
Sheffield, 6, 19
Sheldon, (Sister), 243, 282
Shelter, The (Cropwood), 16, 17, 58, 59, 68, 94, 95, 98
Shemwell, Miss (teacher), 240
Shenstone School, 314, 315
Shewring, Dr., 283
shipping routes, 88
shoes, 132, 133, 243, 263, 285; cleaning of, 71, 122, 134, 154, 158, 218, 252, 321; see also clogs
Shooter’s Hill Open-Air School, 6, 10
Showell, Mr., 211
showers, 5, 9, 102; Cropwood, 69, 92, 244; Hunter’s Hill, 132; Uffculme, 21-2, 43, 106, 108, 166, 169; see also baths
shutters, 341
Simfield, (Sister), 284
Simmons, Hilda (cook), 334
singing, 63, 88, 106, 108, 161, 217, 290, 296
siting of open-air schools, 8-10, 39, 62
sitting out bags, 6, 8, 9
skiing, 197
Skilts: Lower, 326, 331; Upper, 326
Skilts School: architecture/building, 327, 331, 332; history of house, 326; opening of, 198, 262, 327, 330; 1950s, 258, 262-3, 262; 1960s, 268, 295, 321, 325, 326-34; see also Inspectors school reports; headteachers
skin diseases, 67, 130, 135, 229; see also eczema; impetigo; lupus; psoriasis
skipping, 233
Skyllus Grange, 326
slats, 39, 341
sledging, see tobogganing
sleep-time garden, 55, 71
slums, 3, 19, 23, 54, 94; see also housing conditions; poverty
Small Heath, 65, 75, 262
Smallwood, Dr., 127, 142
Smallwood, Mrs. (Cllr), 211, 251
Smellie, Dr., 67, 91
Smith, Dr., 279, 307
Smith, Mrs. (cook-housekeeper), 283, 284, 285
Smith (nurse), 186, 258
Smith, Diane, 200
Smith, E.V. (Chairman of Birmingham Education Committee), 192, 224, 227
Smith, Eileen Wilson, see Wilson Smith, Eileen
Smith, Gordon, 159
Smith, Ruth, 186-7
Smith, Major & Stevens Ltd., 21
smoking, 267
snow, 194; Cropwood, 62, 125, 142, 145, 146, 171, 287; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 112, 133, 152, 158, 227, 302; Skilts, 331, 333; Uffculme, 30, 31-2, 34, 43, 45, 53, 54, 73, 137, 164, 234; see also cold weather; frost
soapstones, 8, 9
Soar, Miss (teacher), 170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 211, 212, 213, 220, 243, 244, 285
soccer, 88
social conditions, better, 267
sociological problems, 264, 265, 267, 295, 297, 301, 305; see also ‘difficult’ children; ‘disturbed’ children; environment; housing; maladjusted children; phobias
soldiers, 40-1, 44, 49
Southam, (Sister), 234, 238, 240
Sparks, Dorothy, 110-11
speaking/reading competitions, 121
Special Education, Advisory Committee, for, 266
‘special needs’, 136, 267, 334
special schools, development of, 4, 163, 268; Birmingham, 50-1, 195-6, 203, 233
Special Schools Sub-Committee, see Birmingham Special Schools Sub-Committee
speech disorders, 266, 313
speech therapy, 266, 268, 328
Spence, Moira (teacher), 199, 200, 206, 207, 209, 234, 235, 236; see also Armson, Moira
spine, curvature of, 10, 67; see also exercises; postural defects
spitting, 11
sports: annual sports contests, 89, 164; sports days: at Cropwood, 60; at Hunter’s Hill, 96, 158, 183, 299; see also activities (outdoor); athletics; cricket; football; hockey; merry-go-round; rounders; rugby; soccer; table tennis; tennis
Springfield School, 321
Springwell House Open-Air School, London, 342
Squire, Miss (teacher), 84
staff: accommodation, 194, 228, 251, 252, 279-80, 290, 292, 309, 331; dedication of, 265, 330, 332, 334; extraneous duties of, 129, 134, 176, 256, 292, 297, 308, 309, 321, 322, 330; problems in staffing, 290, 292, 308, 327; selection of, 62-4, 96, 128-9, 280; see also caretakers; children’s helpers; cooks; doctors; kitchen (staff); nurses; school medical officers; teachers; teamwork
stamp club, 134, 306
standards, educational, see educational standards
Staples, Phyllis, 150
Stapleton, T.M., 174-5
Starkey, Ruth, 175
stay, average length of, 233; Cropwood, 55, 57, 67, 109; Hunter’s Hill, 128, 221; Skilts, 329; Uffculme, 31, 118, 273
steamer chairs, 6
Steane, Beryl, 200
Steane, Lucy, see Goddard, Lucy
steroids, 265, 268
Stewart, Miss (teacher), 197
Stiles, Rita, 189
Stocker, Mrs. (teacher), 199
Stockland Green School, 314
Stockley, E.M., 33
Stokes, Miriam, 175
story-telling, 195; Cropwood, 124, 150, 210; Hunter’s Hill, 248; Marsh Hill, 160; Skilts, 195, 328; Uffculme, 32, 39; see also literature; reading
Stratford, 192, 234, 243, 270, 286
Streptomycin, 196, 233
stretchers, 9, 23, 38, 64, 82; see also rest
Stubbs, Mr. (teacher), 308
Studley, 326
suet, 30
Sulphadiazene, 181, 210, 222, 246
Sulphaquanidin, 222
Sulphathiazine, 227
sun, 8, 22, 40, 52
sunbathing, 79, 102; Cropwood, 59, 60, 93, 121, 122, 124, 126, 150, 151; Uffculme, 106, 107, 317
Sunday Mercury
Sundays: Cropwood, 61, 62, 122, 124, 174, 244; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 178, 179; see also churchgoing
sunray treatment, 141, 167, 207, 254
surgery, 134, 155, 238, 252
surgical spirits, 122
Sutherland, Dr. H., 148
Sutton, Marlene, 208
sweaters, see jerseys; see also clothing
sweets, 94, 122, 150, 170, 200, 233, 248; see also tuck
Swift, Mr. (caretaker), 274
swimming, 50, 79; Cadbury’s factory, 13; Cropwood, 55, 60, 67, 93, 110, 111, 122, 143, 146, 152, 174, 213; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 99, 115, 132, 159; Uffculme, 108, 207
Swinden & Sons, 21
swings, 245, 322
Swiss Red Cross, 162, 166
Switzerland, 162, 165, 166, 170, 171, 172, 178, 181, 182, 196, 197, 198, 265; see also Davos Alpine School
sword dancing, see
Symons, Miss (teacher), 149, 150
table tennis, 310
tables (arithmetic), 207, 236
Tame, River, 185
Tansley, Mr. C., 321
Tardebigge: canal, 210, 305; canoe/boating club, 231, 246, 248
Taylor, Miss (teacher), 211, 218
Taylor, Doris, M., 54, 62
Taylor, Rev. Isaac, 1
Taylor, Raymond, 305
teachers (names), see Alexander; Alflatt; Anderson; Ansell; Armson; Aston; Atkins; Atkinson; Aze; Bailey; Baldock; Barrodale; Bazire; Bell; Belling; Bennet; Billing; Blay; Bolton; Bottom; Boyd; Bromage; Brooke; Browning; Bullock; Burridge; Burt; Carr; Cartes; Cassells; Castle; Chedgy; Clark; Clarke; Cook; Cooper; Dallow; Davies; Davis; Dilworth; Disney; Dix; Edwards; Etherington; Evans; Evershed; Franklin; French; Frisby; Furback; Galtery; George; Gorden; Gough; Goulden; Hardinge; Hardy; Harlow; Hartman; Haworth; Hill; Hingley; Hudeson; Hughes; Hunt; Hurley; Hurly; Jarvis; Jay; Jones; Keen; Lamb; Lambsdown; Lattimore; Lawrence; Lawson; Leadbeater; Ledger; Lewis; Long; Lowe; McCormick; McDonald; Maguire; Mann; Meer; Mellor; Merrick; Merriman; Moore; Morris; Newton; Oliver; O’Riley; Owen; Parks; Payne; Pearce; Perkins; Peters; Pinner; Plant; Potter; Powell; Pratt; Priestman; Pritchard; Raistrick; Randall; Rice; Richardson; Roberts; Robinson; Rogers; Rose; Satchwell; Savage; Sawden; Scrivener; Scrivington; Sharman; Sharp; Soar; Stewart; Stocker; Stubbs; Symons; Taylor; Tearse; Tebbutt; Tedd; Trace; Trihy; Tucker; Wainwright; Wales; Ward; Webb; Weedon; Wetherall; Whipp; White; Whitehouse; Wightman; Wishart; Woodward; Yoxall; see also headteachers
teachers: difficulties in open-air schools, 140, 208, 266, 280, 314; remedial teaching skills, 198; requirements of, 198, 230, 330; residential duties, 290, 292, 310, 332; training of, 3, 53, 82, 198, 216, 228, 314, 329; see also classes; headteachers; Froebel training; staff; teamwork; ‘whole child’ (approach to teaching)
teachers (personal accounts): Cropwood, 176, 215-17, 280, 288, 292, 294, 295-6; Haseley Hall, 187-9, 190-1; Hunter’s Hill, 157-8, 225, 228-9, 229-33, 248-9, 303, 309-12; Marsh Hill, 255-6, 313-15; Skilts, 262-3, 326-30; Uffculme, 140-1, 203, 208-10, 237-8, 268-9
teamwork, 129, 134, 265; see also staff; teachers; ‘whole child’
Tearse, Miss (teacher), 112
Tebbutt, M. (teacher), 249, 251, 297, 307
Tedd, Miss (teacher), 298
Teece, June, 175-6
teeth, see dental decay; dental treatment; toothbrushes
television, 218, 231, 247, 251, 257, 283, 296, 298, 308, 310; see also BBC schools programmes
temperature (body), 341
tennis, 93, 122, 175, 299
termly reviews, see medical examinations
testing: attainment testing, 217; mental testing, 217; see also academic ability; educational attainment; examinations, academic
theatres, 81, 175, 311
Thomas, Mr. (caretaker), 284, 292
Thomas, Isobel (teacher), 200, 206, 207, 208; see also Bazire, Isobel
Thomson, Dr. P.H., 57, 59
throat infections, 246; see also septic throats
Throckmorton family, 190
thyroid problems, 121
tics, multiple, 221
Tidmus, (Betty) L. (teacher), 53, 88, 138, 140, 164, 166
Tilley, D., 317
Times, The
timetables, 7, 8, 10, 221, 269, 327, 328, 330; see also curriculum
Timmins, Margaret, 95
Tippetts (nurse), 75
Todman, Dr., 307
tobogganing, 59, 61, 113, 125, 128, 133, 146, 149, 154, 171, 174, 197, 281, 187, 298
toilets, 270
tokens (for trams/buses), 25, 43, 209
Tomkinson, Joan, see Farmer, Joan
tonics, 53; see also medication
Tonks, R., 180
tonsils, 5, 11, 19, 86, 97, 112, 164, 192, 222, 298; tonsilitis, 92, 131, 144; tonsilectomy, 252; see also adenoids
Tookey, Bill, 71, 99
tools, 27, 128
toothbrushes, 25, 69, 82, 102, 244, 254; see also dental decay
torch chases, 250
tower, the (Cropwood), 123
Towyn, 101, 199, 202, 203, 206, 207, 210, 233; see also Martineau House
Trace, Olive (teacher), 176, 211
training courses, see teachers
trains, 25, 57, 68, 72, 93, 97, 109, 114, 121, 132, 159, 249; see also bank engines; ‘Big Bertha’; Blackwell; Lickey Incline
trams, 11, 18, 19, 43, 89, 99, 183
transfers to normal schools, 234; see also medical examinations
treatment, medical, see medical treatment; National Health Service; open-air schools; school health services; school medical services
trees, 8, 124, 140, 151, 257, 329; see also pine trees
Trihy, T. (teacher), 252
tripe, 155
truancy, see absconding
Trueman, Joyce, see Pegg, Joyce
Trueman, T.M., see Stapleton, T.M.
tuberculosis, 1, 2, 5, 6, 19, 67, 104, 121, 148; Birmingham schoolchildren, 11, 52, 102, 116, 162; contact TB, 190, 221, 301; death rate from, 196, 233, 264; decline of, 264; tubercular glands, 8, 14, 31, 62; Hunter’s Hill, 156, 179, 251; Uffculme, 31, 32, 45, 65, 103
tuck: tuckshops, 94, 233; Cropwood, 70, 72, 111, 122, 149, 150, 151, 214; Hunter’s Hill, 98, 248; Uffculme, 108; see also sweets
Tucker, John (Jack) W. (teacher), 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 231, 250
Tucker, K.G. (teacher), 178, 183
Tucker, Rowena, 227
Tudor, Mary (dentist), 245-6
Turner, Jayne, 84-5
Turner, Rose, see Newnham, Rose
Twist, Miss (cook), 122, 125, 211
Tyler, Miss (children’s helper), 211
Tyler, Margaret, 71
typing classes, 217, 296
Uffculme House, 13, 13, 14, 17, 18, 21, 44
Uffculme Park, 32
Uffculme School, 228, 335, 337; architecture/building, 21-3, 23, 25, 26, 30, 35, 38, 66, 107, 201, 202; Cadbury donation of, 18; map, 42; opening of, 21-49; selection of first pupils, 19; 1920s, 52-5, 56, 64-6, 73-7; 1930s, 83-90, 104, 105-8, 117-20, 131; 1940s, 136-41, 164-9; 1950s, 198-210, 222, 234-9; 1960s, 264, 268-79; see also Inspectors school reports; pool; school log books
Uffculme School Committee, 27, 28, 53
ultra-violet radiation treatment, 77, 102, 233
underweight children, 341, 342; see also debility; malnutrition
Underwood School, 313, 314
uniform, see clothing
Upton House Open-Air School, London, 341
Urquhart, Marjory A. (headteacher), 193, 215, 239, 243, 245, 248, 256, 279-80, 281, 284, 286, 287, 288, 291, 292, 294, 295, 337; appointments, to Haseley and Cropwood, 190, 215, 217, 257; in school log books, 217, 252, 257, 258, 289, 293; personal accounts, 190-2, 215-17, 280, 294; photographs of, 191, 288; reports by, 280, 293-4; retirement, 293
USA, see America
vaccination, 267
Vann, David, 307
vegetables, 27, 63, 84, 86, 157, 331
verandas, 9, 95, 97, 103, 159, 335
verminous children, 5; see also dirty children; fleas; lice; nits
verminous infestations, 31, 50, 102, 162, 282; see also dirty children; fleas; lice; nits
verrucas, 252
V.E. Day, 169
Victory Day, 170
visiting days, 196; Cropwood, 58, 62, 68, 72, 94, 124, 125, 126, 142, 146, 148, 211, 220, 240, 241, 243, 283, 292, 293, 294; Haseley Hall, 192, 193, 257, 315, 317, 319, 322; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 99, 129, 153, 156, 159, 181, 182, 183, 231, 247, 248, 253, 298, 299, 300, 301, 308; Skilts, 328, 333; Uffculme, 35, 74
visitors, to open-air schools, 294
vitamin supplements, 233, 254; see also Bemax; cod liver oil; iron; malt; tonics
Vollam, Dr., 178, 222, 227, 246, 282
Wainwright, Mr. (teacher), 130, 132
waiting lists, 265; see also admissions; selection of pupils
Wales, Margaret (teacher), xiii, 139, 166, 168, 202, 204, 207, 208, 210, 236; appointment, 138; in log books, 138, 199, 200, 234, 235; personal account, 140-1, 203; photographs of, 165, 237; resignation, 235
Wales Ltd., 38
Walker, John, 27
walking barefoot, 70, 87, 104, 122, 151, 203, 207
walks (rambles), 79; Cropwood, 70, 72, 93, 94, 122, 125, 142, 281; Davos Alpine School, 197; Haseley Hall, 258, 321; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 132, 158, 178, 221, 226, 249, 301; Marsh Hill, 81; Skilts, 263, 331
Wallis, Joyce, 172
Walsall, 340
Walton, Gertrude (headteacher), 69, 70, 71, 91, 94, 96, 114, 115, 116, 128, 152, 155, 158, 337; appointments, 60, 96; in school log books, 130, 147; retirement, 157; school reports by, 128-9
Walton, Margaret, 175
Ward, Miss (teacher), 321, 323
Warder, Dallas, 146
Wareing, Maurice, 162, 163, 167, 167-8, 178
warmth, 300; see also comfort; heating
Warnock Report
Warom, John, 197, 254-5
wartime, 117, 126-7, 134-60, 162, 188, 190; see also air raids; air raid shelters; bombs
Warwick, Countess of, 187
Warwickshire Chamber of Agriculture, 185
washing machine, 300, 301
washing up, 176; see also domestic duties
water, measurement of, 333
water supply (Haseley Hall), 192, 257
Wathes Bros, 21
Watson, Mrs. (kitchen staff), 274
weather, conditions of, see cold weather; fog; frost; hot weather; school log books; snow
weather study, 8, 39, 72, 90, 168
weaving, 8, 40, 83, 108, 229, 230, 306
Webb, Miss (teacher), 84, 85
Webb, Alice, see Higgins, Alice
Webb, Margaret, 208
Webb, Ray, 184
Webster, Betty, 86, 92-3
Weedon, Mr. (teacher), 222
weekend closure (Cropwood), 290
weekly boarding: Cropwood, 290, 296; Skilts, 332; Uffculme, 47, 48, 52, 65, 86, 105, 106
weighing sessions, 9, 54, 63; Cropwood, 57, 211; Hunter’s Hill, 181, 221, 307; Uffculme, 19, 28, 30, 35, 37, 45, 46, 53, 239
Weir, Terry, 180, 183-4, 184
Welsh Farm School, 314
West, Lucy, 193
Wetherall, Mr. (teacher), 131, 143
Wetherall, Mrs., 143, 144
Wheatley-Hubbard, Mr., 235, 238
Wheedon, Janet, 296
wheeziness, 265; see also asthma; bronchiectasis; bronchitis; chest conditions
Whipp, Miss (teacher), 211, 212, 218
White, Emily (teacher), 43, 45, 47
White, Lawrence, 184
Whitehead, Judy, 175
Whitehouse, Mr. (teacher), 254
Whitney, Mrs., 178, 183
Whitney, Janet, 170, 173
Whittall, Norah, 106
Whitworth, G., 180
‘whole child’ (approach to teaching and health), 198, 233, 249, 309, 328, 329
Wightman, Mrs. (teacher), 292
Wilkins, Florence (nurse), 24, 36, 37, 45
William Murdoch School, 314
Williams, Miss (teacher), 219, 220, 242
Williams, Miss, 298, 299
Williams, C. (teacher), 252
Williams, Gladys, M., 61
Williams, Graham (headteacher), 296, 312, 337
Williams, K. (teacher), 283, 284, 287
Williams, O., 157-8
Williams, Phyllis, 121, 133
Willis, Florence, 103-4
Wilmot, Frances, xiii, 206-7, 213-14; see also Headford, Frances
Wilson, David, 305
Wilson, Dr., 142, 143
Wilson, Dr. L., 37
Wilson, Mrs., 172
Wilson Smith, Eileen (teacher), 187-9
Wilson Stuart, Mr., 127, 143, 144
Wise, F.S. (headteacher), 198, 199, 202, 203, 337
Wishart, Miss (teacher), 147
Witherby, F.Y. (teacher at Davos), 116
Withy, Cathy, 296
Wood, Mr. (Chairman of Birmingham Education Committee), 271
Wood, K. (cook), see Hexley, K.
Wood & Kendrick, architects, 185
Woodward, Mrs. (teacher), 325
woodwork, 8, 39, 63; Cropwood, 296; Hunter’s Hill, 129, 220, 221, 296; Skilts, 330; Uffculme, 35, 38, 47, 168, 270, 275, 276
World War I, see First World War
World War II, see air raids; Second World War; wartime
Worrall, Ida, 208
Wright, Mrs. (Cllr), 227
Wright, Mrs. (Chairman of Special Services Sub-Committee), 219
Wright, Mr. D.A. (headteacher), 279, 337
Wrigley, Vera, 92
writing, 214, 244; Cropwood, 242; Hunter’s Hill, 306; Skilts, 329; Uffculme, 269
Wroxall Abbey School, 261
Wroxall School, 256
Wyllie, Miss (Inspector of Special Schools), 271, 273
x-rays, chest, see chest conditions
Yardley Green Sanatorium/Hospital, 102, 103, 114, 233
Yelland, Sister, 254
York, Duke of, 64
York Woods, 316
Yorkshire, East, 341
youth hostelling, 248
Yoxall, Mr. (teacher), 197
, 267
, 118
, 2
, 265
, 4
, 21
, 4
, 198
medallions/cup, 154, 156, 158
reports, see Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports
, 136
, 279
, 2
, 264
, 18, 83, 112, 130, 18, 198, 273, 18, 23, 24
home, links; Parents Committee; visiting days dancing |
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Updated Last: Wednesday, February 11, 2025 7:13 PM
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A Breath of Fresh Air : Birmingham's Open-air Schools, 1911-70.
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Price: £30.00
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ISBN-13: 978-1860770753
Author: Frances Wilmot & Pauline Saul
Published Date: 20-06-2024
Publisher: Phillimore & Co Ltd
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| This book records the School Medical Service's venture to develop six open-air schools when malnutrition and tuberculosis were rife in the early 20th century. Barrow and Geraldine Cadbury founded the first schools where pupils benefited from fresh air, rest, exercise and nourishing food. ?... the text is both revealing and at times intensely moving ... an absorbing story which deserves a broad readership ...? Select Magazine |
Index
Page numbers in bold are contributors’ accounts. Page numbers in italic are photographs or illustrations.
Abbott, Mrs. (cook), 125
Abbott, Elsie (headteacher), 43, 55, 60, 337; appointment, 46, 54, 55; in school log books, 46, 54, 57, 59; resignation, 54, 60
ability of pupils, see academic ability; educational attainment; educational standards; examinations, academic
absconding (runaways): Cropwood, 60, 67, 91, 92, 109, 121, 122-3, 125, 142, 169, 170, 175-6, 210, 220, 286, 292; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 97, 112, 115, 130, 131, 153, 154, 158, 159, 177, 183, 222, 223, 224, 246, 247, 251, 252, 298, 299, 300, 307, 311
academic ability, 196; see also educational standards; examinations, academic; leaving certificates; learning abilities
accommodation, see dormitories; staff
Acme Flooring & Paving Co. (1904) Ltd., 21
Acocks Green, 65, 213, 214
activities (outdoor), 10, 39, 98, 131, 194, 301, 303, 310, 314, 333; see also bicycles; boating club; camping; canoe club; fishing; go-carts; golf; hunt the whistle; roller skating; scooters; skipping; torch chases
Adams, Mrs. (Birmingham School Clinic nurse), 315, 316, 322
Adams, Christine, 214-15
Adams, Norah, see Whittall, Norah
Adams, Roger, 236-7
adenoids, 5, 8, 10, 19, 192; see also tonsils
Adkins, Charles (butcher), 21
Admissions Registers, 26, 28-9, 338
admissions, 67, 118, 263, 264; Cropwood, 57, 59, 116, 213; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 112, 116, 125; Marsh Hill, 80, 313; Skilts, 330; Uffculme, 23, 26, 31, 32, 41, 239; see also selection of pupils
Adrenaline, 164, 221, 265
Adult School Movement, 13
advertisements (medicines), 3, 31, 37, 78, 134, 148, 153, 179
Advisory Committee for Special Education, 266
air raid shelters: Cropwood, 126, 143, 144, 149; Hunter’s Hill, 153, 155, 156, 157, 248; Uffculme, 138
air raids, 135; Birmingham, 136, 137, 138, 145; Coventry, 188; Cropwood, 143, 144, 145; Haseley Hall, 188; Hunter’s Hill, 152; see also bombs
Alexander, Mr. (teacher), 302, 306
Alflatt, Trevor (headteacher), 254, 276, 278, 279, 337
Allen, Peter W., 161, 179
allergies, 327; see also asthma
Allison (nurse), 287
Alpine School, see Davos
America: open-air schools, 6, 9; survey of asthma, 264
Aminophyline, 265
anaemia, 8, 10, 19, 62, 67, 116, 135; Cropwood, 56, 69, 109; Hunter’s Hill, 159; Uffculme, 23, 26, 31, 35
Anderson, Edward J. (teacher/headteacher), 76, 84, 85, 88, 89, 139, 140, 166, 168, 198-9, 201, 202, 204, 205, 207, 208, 236, 237, 270, 337; appointment, 74, 198; in log books, 138, 200, 235, 271; photographs of, 88, 165, 274; reports by, 273; retirement, 273, 274, 276
Andrews, Mrs. (cleaner/helper), 260, 316
Andrews, Jean, see Dwyer, Jean
animals, 192, 194, 231, 257; see also goats; guinea pigs; pets; rabbits
Annis, Elsie, 121; see also Kite, Elsie
annual reports of Chief Medical Officer, see Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports
Ansell, R. (teacher), 234
Antrobus, (Sir) Edward, 185
Apollo 10 launch, 308
apple trees, 43, 44, 49, 54, 73, 76, 140, 141, 281
architecture (of open-air schools), see open-air schools; see also bandstand; buildings; huts; platforms; screens; shutters; siting; verandas
Argyll, Duchess of, 35
arithmetic, 8, 63; Cropwood, 242; Hunter’s Hill, 128, 230; Uffculme, 32, 48, 83, 236, 269; see also graphwork; tables
armistice, 46; Armistice Day, 74, 121
Armson, Moira (teacher), xiii, 208-10; see also Spence, Moira
army training, influence of, 40-1, 49
Arnot, Miss (cook/housekeeper), 68, 93, 109, 143, 145, 147, 149, 169, 170, 171, 210, 211, 212; death, 213
Arnott, Jane, 238
arts and crafts, 230, 269, 270, 290, 306; see also craftwork; handwork; manual instruction; individual subjects: basketmaking; canework; embroidery; knitting; leatherwork; lino-cutting; metalwork; painting; plasticene modelling; pottery; raffia work; rugmaking; weaving; woodwork
Ashby, Miss (nurse), 172
Asher, Dr. (HMI), 299
Ashfield, Miss (children’s helper), 263
Asperger Syndrome, 279
assembly, school: Cropwood, 69, 152, 218, 244; Hunter’s Hill, 221, 231; Uffculme, 201, 236, 238; see also religious education
asthma, 67, 90, 104, 116, 163, 233; causes of, 196, 198, 265, 266, 268, 342; survey of, 264, 265; treatment of, 196, 197, 233; Cropwood, 109, 120, 123, 125, 240, 241, 290, 295; Haseley Hall, 190, 193, 259, 319, 321, 322; Hunter’s Hill, 112, 114, 115, 133, 154, 158, 159, 221, 223, 227, 229, 230, 247, 248, 252, 307, 309, 311, 312; Marsh Hill, 161, 313; Skilts, 263, 327, 328, 329, 330; Uffculme, 168, 200, 201, 203, 237, 269, 270, 274; see also chest conditions; exercises
Asthma Clinic, 233, 246, 301, 302
Asthma Research Council, 196
Astley Hall School, 321, 325
Aston, Percy (teacher), 223, 227, 249
athletics, 98, 116, 227, 250
Atkins, Mr. (teacher), 183, 221
Atkins, Mrs. (kitchen staff), 274
Atkins (nurse), 181
Atkinson, Miss (teacher), 109
Atropine Co., 164
attainment testing, 216; see also educational attainment; testing
attendance, school, 263, 266; see also absconding; school log books
Auden, Dr. George (Birmingham’s first Chief School Medical Officer), 11, 18, 19, 23, 29, 32, 33, 36, 50, 64; opening of Uffculme, 22
Aurora Borealis, 132
Austin, Dr., 127
autistic children, 276, 278, 279
Avery, Miss, 67
Avery, W. & T. Ltd., 185, 319
Ayres, Leonard, 7, 8
Aze, Miss (teacher), 197
back supports, 206, 247, 302
backward children, 18, 50, 105, 129, 163, 234, 243, 263; Cropwood, 242; Hunter’s Hill, 178; Marsh Hill, 82; see also retarded children
Bailey, Colin, 184
Bailey, Graham, 158
Bailey, S. (teacher), 273, 274
Baker, Mr. (dentist), 148, 172
Baker, Dorothy (children’s helper), 191; see also, Bilton, Dorothy
Baker, Elsie, 36
Baldock, Miss (teacher), 109
Baldwin, Iris, 86-7
Ball, Diane, see Smith, Diane
Balsall Heath, 43, 62, 77, 137, 210
‘band-stand’ buildings, 6, 194
bank engines, 99, 132, 159; see also Big Bertha; Lickey Incline
bantams, 231, 301, 333
Bardsley, Miss (HMI), 146
Barlow, (Sir) Thomas, 14
Barnsley, 6
Barnt Green, 172, 179, 281
Barrett, Claire (nurse), 183, 221, 230, 231, 252, 297, 300, 301, 306, 307; in school log books, 153, 301, 302, 307, 308; personal accounts, 133-4, 156-7, 225, 309; retirement, 307, 308
Barrodale, Miss (teacher), 287, 289
Barron, Grace, 87
Bartlett, Christine, see Adams, Christine
Barton, G., 181-2
Baskerville House School, 50-1, 103, 126, 132, 142, 173, 189, 235, 257, 265, 321; see also rheumatic children
basket-weaving, 36, 40, 65; see also canework
baths, 4, 9, 22, 41, 49; Cropwood, 218, 244; Haseley Hall, 193, 259, 319, 324; Marsh Hill, 80; Uffculme, 21, 22, 29, 38; see also showers
Bazire, Isobel (teacher), xiii, 208; see also Thomas, Isobel
BBC schools programmes, 231, 251, 298; see also television
Beasley, Arthur, 97-8
Beattie, Theresa, 238
Beausale School, 256
bedmaking: Cropwood, 92, 213-14, 243; Hunter’s Hill, 221, 310
bedwetting, see enuresis
Beecroft, Harold, 27
beekeeping, 39, 146, 194, 306; see also honey
behavioural problems, 233, 264, 268; Cropwood, 295; Hunter’s Hill, 297; Skilts, 263; Uffculme, 236, 237; see also sociological cases
Bell, Miss (teacher), 121, 143
Belling, Freda, see Owen, Freda
Belston, Rita, 121
Bemax, 139
Bendall, E.M. (nurse), 75, 84, 106, 120, 136, 141, 164, 199, 200, 209, 234
Bennett, W. (teacher), 251
Bent, Margaret, 161
Berkswell, visit to, 235, 238
Bewlay, see Cossins, Peacock & Bewlay (architects)
‘Big Bertha’, 72, 114, 229; see also Lickey Incline
Bigger, Maud (nurse), 187
Billing, Miss (teacher), 173, 211
Billy Smart’s Circus, 202, 307
Bilton, Dorothy, 193; see also Baker, Dorothy
Bingley Hall, 275
Birch, Kathleen, 110
bird tables, 83, 90, 107
birds, 124, 140, 181, 206
Birmingham: charities, 5; evacuation of schoolchildren, 117, 137; industry, 19th-century, 1; kindergartens, 14; slums, 5, 19, 23, 54; smoke pollution, 1, 2, 5; special schools development, 50-1; see also bombs
Birmingham and Midland Institute, 253
Birmingham Central Hall, 108
Birmingham Chest Clinic, see Great Charles Street Clinic
Birmingham Children’s Courts, 14
Birmingham Children’s Hospital, 93, 103, 116, 128, 130, 156, 167, 198, 219, 227, 228, 251, 259, 299, 301, 302, 307, 308
Birmingham Civic Society, 80
Birmingham Daily Mail
Birmingham Daily News
Birmingham Dental Hospital, 26, 227
Birmingham Education Committee, 19, 78, 94, 189, 192, 195, 196, 231, 294; acceptance of Cadbury donation, 18; reorganisations of Schools for delicate Children, 313-15, 321; use of Davos Alpine School, 197-8; see also Davos Alpine School
Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports): 1908/9, 11; 1910, 19, 23; 1911, 25-6; 1912, 31; 1914, 37-8; 1917, 49; 1925, 64; 1930s, 79-80, 90, 95-6, 101-2, 104-5, 109, 111-12, 116-17, 120; 1940s, 135, 162, 164; 1950s, 220-1, 233-4; 1960s, 264-5; 1970s, 312; see also Inspectors school reports
Birmingham Evening Despatch
Birmingham Gazette
Birmingham Hippodrome Theatre, 227
Birmingham Institute of Child Health, 162
Birmingham Juvenile Court, 14
Birmingham Mail
Birmingham Natural History Museum, 223
Birmingham Open-Air Schools Sub-Committee, 27, 28, 53, 137, 138
Birmingham Open-Spaces Association, 10
Birmingham Orthopaedic Hospital, 130, 206
Birmingham Post
Birmingham Skin Hospital, 247
Birmingham Society for the Care of Invalid Children, 185, 187, 188
Birmingham Special Schools’ Sports, 131, 133; see also sports
Birmingham Special Schools Medical Officer, 118; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports)
Birmingham Special Schools Sub-Committee, 35, 56, 80, 91, 97, 101, 128, 138, 313
Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, 234, 304, 309
Birmingham Town Hall, 85, 92, 106
Birmingham’s Juvenile Dramatic Festivals, 253
Birmingham’s School Medical Service Sub-Committee, 80
birthdays, 125, 142, 147, 331
blackberry picking, 246, 281
blackouts (wartime), 126, 135, 155, 157, 158, 190; see also wartime
Blackwell, 62, 72, 97, 158, 180, 248, 305, 311; bombing, 145; church, 99, 283; pumping station, 99; station, 17, 57, 62, 93, 99, 123, 133, 210, 229; see also Lickey Incline
blankets, 6, 9, 10, 39, 194, 296; Cropwood, 296; Marsh Hill, 161, 254; Uffculme, 23, 27, 29, 141, 236, 237, 239
Blay, Daphne (teacher), 228, 231, 247
blepharitis, 62, 67
blinds, canvas, 7, 341
blood: disorders, 166; tests, 22; see also anaemia
boarders, weekly, see weekly boarding
Boardman, Dr., 308
boating club, 231, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250
Bolton, Miss (teacher), 91
bog garden (Uffculme), 86, 141
Bognor Regis, see Martineau House (Seaside School)
boils, 183
bombs: in Birmingham, 144, 158; in Coventry, 144, 158, 188; on schools, 137, 140; see also air raids
Band, Miss (nurse), 256
Bone, Edward, 254
bonfire parties: Cropwood, 213, 220, 281, 283; Haseley Hall, 258, 259, 260, 315; Hunter’s Hill, 130, 172, 178, 232; Skilts, 327
Bonner, John, 71-3, 87-9
bookbinding, 229
Booke, Kathleen, see Birch, Kathleen
Boothroyd, Eveline (headteacher), 121, 124, 149, 150, 152, 169, 174, 175, 176, 210, 214, 337; appointment, 120; in school log books, 120, 125, 126, 127, 142, 143, 145, 147, 170, 171, 172, 212; retirement, 213
Bostall Wood (London), 6
Boston, 6
Bottom, Alice (teacher), 94, 109, 111
Bournville, 12, 13, 17, 164, 314
Bovril, 207, 236
Bow Road Open-Air School, London, 341
bowling, 299
boxing, 98, 129, 132
Boyd, Miss (teacher), 186, 243
Boyle, Sir Edward, 262
brace, orthopaedic, see back supports
Bradbeer, Alderman/Mrs., 171
Bradford, 6, 19, 24
Bradley, Jessie, 175
Brain, Mrs. (cook), 252
brain tumour, 172
Braithewaite, Mrs. (cook), 302
Braker, Peter, 180, 184
Brant, Harry, 115-16
Bray, Margaret, see Rice, Margaret
Brazier, J.A. Ltd., 55
bread, 3, 5, 10, 25, 43, 69, 79, 101, 108, 122, 176, 200; war bread, 46
breakfast, 264, 266, 271, 276; see also food; school meals
breathing exercises, see exercises
Brelsford, Heather, see Langdon, Heather
Brennan, Maureen, see Hughes, Maureen
Bridie, Miss, 36, 45, 57, 58, 59
Brinkley, Cynthia, 330-1
British Association Conference on Open-Air Studies, 27
British Children’s Home, 117
British Eagle air disaster, 317
British Medical Association, 185
British Medical Journal
broken homes, 265, 321; see also sociological cases
Bromage, Norah (teacher), 241, 243, 280, 281, 282, 285, 286, 288, 289
Bromsgrove, 59, 95, 99, 114, 131, 142, 156, 172, 240, 251, 301, 303, 305, 310; cinema, 219; hospitals, 195, 213, 224, 258, 292, 298; library, 210; salt works, 99
bronchial catarrh, see catarrh; see also bronchitis; chest conditions
bronchiectasis, 104, 164, 195, 198, 233; Cropwood, 93, 109, 216; Haseley Hall, 258, 259; Hunter’s Hill, 221; Uffculme, 31, 32, 139, 162, 236, 238, 239; see also physiotherapy; postural drainage
bronchitis, 23, 67, 86, 93, 102, 109, 110, 111, 116, 133, 149, 164, 167, 174, 190, 198; Cropwood, 213; Marsh hill, 253, 254; Skilts, 327, 329; Uffculme, 200, 206, 233, 235, 238, 269, 274; see also catarrh; chest conditions
Brooke, Adrienne (teacher), 280, 289, 290-1, 292, 293, 294
Brooke, Lord, 187
Brooks, Rita, 175
Brooksbank, Mr., 271
Broughton, Hugh, 9, 38
Brown, Mrs. (cook), 298
Brown, Hopwood & Gilbert (grocers), 21
Brown, Joy, 290
Brown, Joyce, 175
Brown, Mary (headteacher), 80, 82, 161, 195, 253, 337
Brown, Norah (dental nurse), 245
Brownies, 217, 218, 286, 289
Browning, Mrs. (teacher), 161, 254
Brueton, Pauline, 204; see also Saul, Pauline
Brunsden, V. (cook), 284
Buckley, Linda (teacher/headteacher), 99, 116, 152, 155, 158, 159, 178, 179, 183, 220, 221, 224, 228, 229-30, 231, 246, 249, 252, 297, 305, 306, 310, 337; appointment, 112, 152, 156; background/training, 157; her philosophy, 229-30; in school log books, 112, 130, 152, 156, 223, 247, 298, 299, 302; retirement, 307, 308, 309; school reports by, 250-1, 251-2, 297, 300-1
Bullock, Mabel (teacher), 258-9, 262-3; see also Hancock, Mabel
Burbridge, Mr. (teacher), 59, 60
Burford, Harriet M. (teacher), 24
Burns, Dr., 114, 130
Burridge, Miss (teacher), 284
Burt, Joyce (teacher), 270, 272, 273, 274, 274-5, 278
buses (transport to schools), 241, 243, 310, 317, 333
Butler-Fleming, Marjorie (headteacher), 257, 258, 259, 260, 315, 316, 319, 322, 323, 337; photographs, 260, 316; retirement, 317, 321, 324
butter, 35
Cadbury Bros Ltd., 12, 13, 14, 20, 56, 106; gifts to open-air school pupils, 71; visits to, 202
Cadbury, Barrow, 12-14, 24, 59, 80, 334; early life, 12-14; education, 12; Cadbury Bros Ltd., 12, 13; marriage, 13, 14; portraits, 14, 15; move to Cropwood House, 14-15, 17; donation of Uffculme, 18, 20, 24, 44; donation of Cropwood, 54-6; visits to Cropwood School, 143, 144, 145, 170, 173, 213, 217; visits to Hunter’s Hill School, 181; death, 235
Cadbury, Geraldine (Mrs.), 14-18, 22, 29, 80, 140, 280, 334; marriage, 13, 14; magistrate, 14; opening of kindergarten, 14; move to Cropwood House, 14-17, 15; donation of Uffculme, 17-18, 20, 24, 44; on Birmingham’s Special Schools Sub-Committee, 80, 137; on Uffculme School Committee, 27, 28, 53, 137; visits to Uffculme School; 35, 37, 44, 45, 59, 53, 54, 77; visits to Cropwood School, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 67, 68, 91, 93, 111, 143, 144; visits to Hunter’s Hill School, 112, 114; death, 137-8, 145
Cadbury, Dorothy, 13, 14, 15, 15, 16, 26, 145, 170
Cadbury, (Dame) Elizabeth, 80, 133
Cadbury, George, 13, 80
Cadbury, Geraldine M. (Miss), ix, 14, 15-17, 15, 16, 56
Cadbury, Paul, 13, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 56, 241, 271, 277, 279, 294
Cadbury, Richard, 12, 13, 17
Caddell, Dr. (Nat. Ass. for the Prevention of Tuberculosis), 130
calligraphy, 231
Callow, Iris, 175
Cameron, D.C. (headteacher), 332, 337
Camp School, Cropwood, 67, 94, 98, 143, 145, 153, 157
camping, 217, 240, 247
canal trips, 315; see also boating club
canework, 230, 306; see also basket weaving
Cangy, Jenny, 284-6
caning, of children, 28, 82, 155, 177, 178, 222, 223, 251, 302; see also punishment
Cannon Hill Park, 77, 202, 273
canoeing, 231, 248, 301, 307; see also boating club
Capper, Edna, 103
caretakers: Cropwood, 283, 284, 292; Haseley, 191; Hunter’s Hill, 129, 132, 251, 304; Uffculme, 24, 43, 64, 202, 274
caretakers (names), see Carr; Fellows; Harrison; Hatfield; Mortiboys; Mountney; Perrygrove; Price; Riley; Ross; Rushton; Swift; Thomas
Carey, Mrs. (cook), 297
Carey, P.C., 307
carol services, 224, 299
Carpenter, Rev. L., 272
Carpenter, Sylvia, 342
Carr, D. (teacher), 270, 271, 273, 274
Carr, Louis (caretaker), 24, 43, 64
Carrington, Dr., 9
Carrington, Joan, 175
Carter, Miss (teacher), 91, 94
Cartwright, Bernard W., 86
Cash, Gladys, 93-4
Cassells, Mr. (teacher), 278
Castle, Miss (teacher), 323
catarrh, 5, 8, 102, 221; see also asthma; bronchiectasis; bronchitis; chest conditions
catering courses, 256
Cattell, Norman, 154
cattle show, 275
Cawthorne, Mrs. (cleaner), 260
celiac disease, 219
cerebral palsy, 270
chairs, 6, 38
Chamberlain, King & Jones (general furnishers), 21
Chamberlain, Neville, 121, 125
Chamberlain, Norman (councillor), 18
Chambers, Norma, 161
Chapman, Mr., 255, 271
Chapman, Leslie, 72
Charles Burns Unit, 279, 314
Charlottenberg, 5
Charlton, Miss (headteacher), 189, 190, 337
Chateaux Bruxelles/Dorf, 171, 177, 197, 198; see also Davos Alpine School
Cheal, J. & Sons, 21
Checkitts, Miss (teacher), 53
Checkley, Dorothy, see Sparkes, Dorothy
Chedgy, Mr. (teacher), 180, 223
cheese, 35, 76, 99, 101, 166
Chest and Heart Association, 265
chest conditions, 104, 105, 133, 194, 195, 242, 313, 327; x-rays, 196, 251, 264, 301; see also asthma; bronchiectasis; bronchitis; catarrh; physiotherapy; postural drainage
Chicago (open-air school), 6
chicken pox, 114, 153, 220, 222, 227, 240, 282, 315
chickens, 301
Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports (Board/Ministry of Educations): 1916, 41; 1921, 50; 1923, 62-4; 1927, 66; 1928, 67, 77; 1932, 79; 1934, 101-2; 1936, 101; 1937, 116; 1950/1, 194-5; 1952/3, 196; 1955, 239; 1960, 264; 1962, 265; 1994, 265; see also Newman, Sir George
chilblains, 155, 174, 177, 179, 244, 252, 298
Child Guidance Clinics, 105, 135, 264, 268
child labour, 1; see also employment
Children’s Country Holiday Society, 5
children’s helpers, 220, 283, 285, 289, 295, 301, 324; (names) see Ashfield; Baker; Bilton; Coan; Cotton; Fell; Fryers; Noakes; Pollentine; Tyler; personal accounts, 193, 259-60
Chiles, Patricia, see King, Patricia
Chipperfield’s circus, 247
chocolate (gifts to children), 71, 77, 94, 110, 140, 154, 166
chorea, 8, 26, 31, 67, 189
Christmas: carols, 282, 283; presents, 232, 282, 283; puddings, 244, 282, 297, 299
Christmas parties: Cropwood, 58, 59, 61, 121, 126, 147, 170, 171, 211, 213, 220, 240, 282, 283; Haseley Hall, 192, 257, 258, 316, 317, 321; Hunter’s Hill, 114, 156, 179, 180, 223, 228, 232, 247, 302; Marsh Hill, 254, 255-6; Skilts, 331; Uffculme, 77, 107, 108
church going: Cropwood, 61, 288; Haseley Hall, 188; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 159, 178, 231, 249, 310
Churchill, Rowena, see Johnson, Rowena
Clair, M., 180
Clark, Miss (headteacher), 126, 127
Clark, M.A., Miss (teacher), 145, 146, 148, 151
Clarke, Deirdre (headteacher), 295-6, 296, 312, 337
Clarke, M. (teacher), 190, 191
classes: mixed ability, 140, 208, 266, 268, 270; small sizes, 264, 266, 267, 333
classrooms, 66, 194, 342; Cropwood, 55, 58, 71, 110, 150, 216, 244, 336; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 154; Marsh Hill, 82, 195; Skilts, 263; Uffculme, 22, 25, 36, 38, 40, 107, 207, 209, 270
clay modelling, 8, 229
Claydon, Jean, 76-7
Clayton, Captain, 146, 147, 148, 170, 171
Clayton, Roger, 205
cleanliness, see hygiene
Clements, Charles, 155, 159
Clewer, Gwen, 175, 175
clock (Uffculme), 21
Clodagh, 126, 149
clogs, 25, 27, 28, 43, 76, 102, 107, 141, 195, 236, 340, 341
closure (of Birmingham’s open-air schools), 313, 314, 315, 320
clothing: America, 6, 8, 9; Cropwood, 56-7, 58, 61, 69, 92, 94, 110, 122, 123, 176, 212, 239, 242, 244; Haseley Hall, 187, 189, 258, 259; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 98, 115, 132, 158, 159, 181, 231, 250, 253, 306, 307; London, 6; Marsh Hill, 81, 161, 313; Skilts, 263, 328-9; Uffculme, 43, 75, 87, 104, 106, 107, 167, 169, 203, 204, 208; see also berets; blazers; clogs; jerseys; liberty bodices; overcoats
Coan (nurse), 171
Coan, Miss (children’s helper), 211
Cockburn, Mr. (dental anaesthetist), 149
cocoa; advertisements, 12, 20, 152; nourishing properties of, 12, 101; Cropwood, 62, 69, 152, 297; Uffculme, 25, 104, 205, 207, 237
cod liver oil, 3, 10, 31, 179; Cropwood, 50, 58, 59, 71, 92, 174, 244; Haseley Hall, 186, 189; Hunter’s Hill, 115, 179, 252, 310; Marsh Hill, 160, 254; Uffculme, 139, 169, 205, 207, 238
Cofton Woods, 68, 95
Cohen, Dr. H.M. (Birmingham’s Principal School Medical Officer), 196, 210, 212, 221, 227, 241, 270
Coker, Dr., 173
cold weather: Cropwood, 59, 68, 92, 125, 142, 146, 171, 174; Hunter’s Hill, 97, 113, 130, 159, 182, 184, 227; Marsh Hill, 81; Uffculme, 28, 30, 31, 34, 35, 47, 53, 75, 76, 138, 141, 164, 165, 200, 234, 236, 272, 273; see also frost; snow
colds, 74, 130, 164, 166, 206, 227; see also influenza
Coley, Gladys, see Cash, Gladys
Colin, Gwendoline J., see Hooper, Gwendoline J.
colitis, ulcerative, 254
Collett, Rhoda L., see Jones, Rhoda L.
Collins, Mr. (remedial gymnast), 227, 228, 233, 263, 323, 327
Comb (nurse), 150
comfort, 300
communication impairment, 279
competitions, 121, 148, 169, 205, 211, 221
concerts, 127, 172, 221, 234, 236, 311; see also Birmingham Symphony Orchestra
confirmations (church), 220, 283
conjunctivitis, 67; see also eyes
Cone (nurse), 244, 245
Constanina, Ingrinatta (cook), 285
consumption, see tuberculosis
convulsions, 36, 132
Cook, Miss (teacher), 289
cookery lessons, see domestic science
cooks (names), see Abbott; Arnot; Brain; Braithwaite; Brinkley; Brunsden; Brown; Carey; Constanina; Costegne; Gunn; Hart; Russell; Smith; Twist; Wood; see also kitchens
cooks (reminiscences), 193, 330-1
Cookson, Evelyn, 65
Cooper, Donald R., 318-19
Cooper, Iris, see Baldwin, Iris
Cooper, Marguerite, see Jones, Marguerite
Cooper, Ron (teacher), 199, 202, 205, 208, 210, 234, 236
Copestake, Brenda, 175
coronations, 130, 199, 200, 218, 219, 223, 236, 257, 259
corporal punishment, see caning; punishment
Cossins, Peacock & Bewlay (architects), 21, 55; see also Peacock
Costegne, Miss (cook), 284
Cottingham Road Open-Air School, East Yorkshire, 341
Cotton, Miss (children’s helper), 260
Cottrill, Jayne, 175
country dancing, see dancing
countryside, love of, 128, 151, 207, 237
Coventry: bombing, 144, 158; open-air schools, 162, 163; visit to, 235
‘Cow & Gate’ drink, 92
Cox, Beryl, 204
Cox, Lawrence, 159-60
craftwork, 94, 111, 123; see also arts and crafts
Crampton, May, 44
Crawford, Nellie, 114
Craythorne, Jean, see Claydon, Jean
cricket, 68, 73, 88, 98, 99, 132, 178, 180, 191, 221, 231, 254, 275
‘crippled’ children, 2, 126, 132, 144, 153, 156; see also disabled children; physically defective; physically disabled/handicapped children
Cripples Hospital, 221, 247
Cropley, Dr. Ralph (HMI), 30, 37, 47
Cropwood Old Girls Association, 171
Cropwood School: architecture/building, 55-6, 57, 58, 124, 216, 336; building extensions, 241; closure, 296, 312; Cropwood House, 14-17, 124, 216, 297, 313, 335; current use of, 335; headteachers, 337; opening of, 55-7; plan, 56; 1920s, 55-62, 67-73; 1930s, 79, 80, 90-5, 109-11, 120-8; 1940s, 141-52, 169-77, 178, 189; 1950s, 210-20, 239-46; 1960s, 268, 279-97; see also Camp School; Inspectors School reports; school log books; Loggia, the; playroom; Shelter; tower
Cropwood Wood, 305
croquet, 188, 217
Crosby, Kathleen (Sister), 209, 235, 237, 238-9, 269, 270, 274, 275, 276, 277, 279
Cross, Anthony, 249
Cubs, 259, 315, 316, 317, 325
Cully, C. 180
cultural standards, raising of, 309, 311
curriculum, 7, 8, 10, 39-40, 63, 267; Cropwood, 91, 94, 123, 173; Haseley Hall, 187; Hunter’s Hill, 97, 128, 158, 221, 229, 230, 231; Marsh Hill, 82; Skilts, 262-3, 327, 333, 334; Uffculme, 19, 32, 38, 47, 48, 68, 73, 108, 118, 141, 269, 276, 279; see also activities (outdoor); Empire Day; exercises; handwork; manual instruction; nature study; shipping routes; timetables; the usual school subjects
curvature (spine), 67, 206; see also back supports
cycling club, 217, 240
Dadds, Eileen, see Lucas, Eileen
Daily Mail Fund, 5, 104
Dainty, Shirley (nurse), 315, 316, 323
Dale, G., 27, 28, 32
Dallow, Joyce, 175
Dallow, M. (teacher), 250, 251
Dame Cadbury Bilateral School, 314
dancing, 50, 63, 116, 166, 217, 228, 282; ballroom dancing, 220; country dancing, 60, 63, 70, 76, 77, 84, 85, 92, 93, 139, 146, 220, 254; maypole dancing, 70, 76, 83, 90, 140, 166, 276; morris dancing, 77, 83, 92, 107, 140, 166; polka, 205; sword dancing, 166
Daniels (Sister), (Hunter’s Hill), 97, 133, 152, 220-1, 228, 230
Daniels, (Sister) Helen (Cropwood), 59, 109, 111, 126, 145, 146, 174, 211, 219, 230
darning, 40, 70, 94, 150, 340
Davell, Pam, 296
Davenport, Bromley, 205, 206
Davies, Miss, 126, 173
Davies, Miss (teacher), 190, 191, 191
Davies, Mr. (teacher), 254
Davies, Mr. (Dir. of Music, Worcs.), 170
Davies (nurse), 171
Davies, Eileen, 167
Davis, Miss (teacher), 136
Davos, 265
Davos Alpine School, 116, 171, 177, 180, 181, 182, 196, 197, 198, 199, 326; see also Kunzle, Christian
Deakin, Miss (seamstress), 123, 151
death rate, children, 1, 2, 50, 102; see also tuberculosis
Deathridge, Jenny, 211
debility, 18, 64, 67, 77, 80, 102, 136, 195, 266; Cropwood, 55-6, 109, 242, 295; Hunter’s Hill, 111, 133, 221, 229, 252, 301; Skilts, 327; Uffculme, 23, 26, 30, 54, 238, 270
decayed teeth, see dental decay; dental treatment
deck-chairs, 6, 10
Deeble, Enid, 164
Defective and Epileptic Children
defective children, 2, 18, 20, 50; see also physically defective; mentally defective children
deformities, 67; see also ‘crippled’ children; disabled children
Degg, R., 180
delicate children, 2, 62, 64, 136, 162, 194, 196, 198, 234, 263, 266, 267, 313; rehabilitation of, 314; Cropwood, 61, 149, 292, 294; Hunter’s Hill, 129; Uffculme, 52, 53, 76, 85, 118, 203, 279
Dellar, Mr. (HMI), 210
dens, building of, 98, 114, 176, 310
dental decay, 11, 26, 49, 58, 164, 245; see also toothbrushes
dental treatment, 136; Cropwood, 148, 172, 213, 244, 245-6, 283, 291; Hunter’s Hill, 114, 131, 178, 221, 300; Skilts, 328; Uffculme, 26, 166
dentists, 172, 233, 245, 271; see also Cockburn; Finn; Linn; Parker; Tudor
Derbyshire, 79
desks, 39
Desmond, Ida, 59
diabetes, 295, 296
Dick, Dr. M.I., 57, 58, 59, 60, 67, 91, 132, 156, 177
Diespeker Ltd., 21
diet, see food; nutrition; school meals
‘difficult’ children, 129, 136, 163, 263, 295; see also ‘disturbed’ children; maladjusted children; sociological problems
digestive disturbances, 67
Dilworth, C.T. (teacher), 251
dinghy, 246, 248, 249
dining rooms, 26, 35, 87, 328, 332
diphtheria, 5, 31, 37, 44, 92, 102, 103, 113, 131, 143, 196, 264
dirty children, 5, 50, 135, 177, 264, 302; see also fleas; hygiene; lice; nits; verminous children
disabled children, 2, 4, 11, 136, 154, 266; see also ‘crippled’ children; physically defective; physically disabled/handicapped children
discipline, 37, 215, 266, 309; see also caning; punishment
diseases, of pupils, see admissions; Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports; individual diseases; open-air schools (treatment)
Disney, Miss (teacher), 121, 142, 145, 147
Disodium Cromoglycate (Intal), 313
‘disturbed’ children, 305; see also ‘difficult’ children; maladjusted children
Dix, Mr. (teacher), 59, 60
Docker, Irene, see Radnall, Irene
doctors, 101, 162, 163, 233, 267; see (names) Alford; Auden; Austin; Barlow; Boardman; Burns; Caddell; Carrington; Cohen; Coker; Crowley; Dick; Donovan; Eicholz; Fenton; Gale; Glover; Graham; Henderson; Hill; Innis; Johnston; Kemp; Lerrin; Llewellyn; Miller; Mitchell; Mole; O’Connors; Parsons; Phillips; Roberts; Rowe; Sainsbury; Shewring; Smallwood; Smellie; Smith; Sutherland; Thomson; Todman; Vollam; Wilson; Wilson Stuart; see also General Practitioners; School Medical Officers
Dodds (vicar of Hatton), 191
domestic duties, 63; Cropwood, 69, 110, 126, 150, 218, 285, 295; Haseley Hall, 186; Hunter’s Hill, 129, 134, 221; Uffculme, 166; see also potatoes, peeling; washing up
domestic science, 206, 217, 270, 272, 274-5, 276, 296; see also housecraft
Donnellan, Margaret, 243-4
Donovan, Dr., 146, 221
Dooling, Muriel, 341-2
dormitories, 194, 341; Cropwood, 55, 62, 69, 124, 176; Haseley Hall, 257, 259, 260; Hunter’s Hill, 97, 99, 133, 154, 158, 174, 179, 184, 221, 248, 253, 297, 299; Skilts, 333
Dorrie, Sister, 147
Dove, Miss (Birmingham Inspector of Special Schools and Educational Psychologist), 192, 211, 212, 213, 218, 219, 220, 227, 243, 256, 283
Dovedale, visit to, 133, 232, 254
drama, 129, 217, 253; see also pageants; plays
drawing, 8, 306
dressmaking, 146, 275; see also sewing
drill, physical, 34, 45, 74
dripping, 10, 35, 69, 71, 76, 115, 122, 177, 341
drugs, see medication
dry rot (Haseley Hall), 316, 324
ducks, 86, 107, 248, 255, 301
Duddy, Barbara, 175, 211
Dudley Road Hospital, 173
dufflecoats, 299
Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme, 305, 308
Dunne, Robert, 305
duties of staff, see staff; teachers
Dwyer, Jean, 139
dyslexia, 303
ear diseases, 96, 113, 130, 183, 192, 238
eczema, 203, 233, 238, 252, 263, 270, 320
Eden, Sir Anthony, 326
Edge, Doris M., see Taylor, Doris M.
Edmonton, 342
Education, Board of: grants to open-air schools, 7, 33, 37; physical training syllabus, 101; school medical service, start of, 4; see also Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports
Education, Ministry of, 172, 194, 195, 265
Education Acts: 1944, 136, 267; 1993, 267
educational attainment, 198, 330; see also academic ability; examinations, academic; testing
educational backwardness, see backward children; retarded children
educational philosophy, see open-air schools, aims of
educational standards, 5, 7, 8, 18, 39-40, 63; Cropwood, 68-9, 72, 91, 125, 170, 242; Haseley Hall, 257; Hunter’s Hill, 116, 155, 156, 182; Uffculme, 37-8, 73, 77, 83, 84, 85, 88, 118, 166, 168, 206; see also examinations, academic
educationally sub-normal children, 2, 222, 266, 267; see also backward children; defective children; difficult children; learning difficulties
Edwards, Ethelwyn (teacher), 24, 33, 52
Edwards (nurse), 106, 108
eggs, 72, 122, 139, 142, 151, 154
Eicholz, Dr. Alfred, 2, 4, 5
Elberfield, 2, 6
Elementary Education (Defective and Epileptic Children) Act, 1899, 2
Elizabeth, Princess, 179
Elliott, Mary, 320-1
Elnell, Doreen, 175
embroidery, 106, 140, 212; see also needlework
Embury, Jill, 174-5
Emery, Ron, 184
emotional problems, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268; see also ‘difficult’ children; maladjusted children; phobias; sociological problems
Empire Day, 35
employment, of children, 1, 100-1
encopresis, 221
enuresis, 135, 181, 252, 270, 300, 310
English language, 230, 269, 296
Ephedrine, 164, 221
epilepsy, 2, 27, 36, 190, 301
Erdington, 79, 314; see also Marsh Hill School
Etherington, Margaret (teacher), 164, 166
Eustace, Evelyn, see Cookson, Evelyn
evacuation, 117, 120, 125, 126, 132, 134, 135, 163; Cropwood, 141-2, 143, 144; Haseley Hall, 188; Hunter’s Hill, 153, 156; Uffculme, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141
Evans, Miss (teacher), 263
Evans, Beryl (teacher), 228, 231, 233, 247, 249
Evans, C.E. (teacher), 57
Evans, Lilian, 134
Evans, William (Bill) (teacher), 273, 274, 276, 278
Evershed, Mr. (teacher), 308
Everest exhibition/model, 224, 225
Ewers, Mary, 172, 175
examinations, academic, 59, 85, 155, 156, 166, 170, 177, 178, 214, 224; see also academic ability; educational standards
examinations, medical, see medical examinations
exercises, 2, 9, 41, 50, 74, 80, 151, 267; breathing, 9, 54, 90, 164, 195, 196, 221, 228, 265, 277, 319, 323, 328; postural, 221, 228, 263, 323; remedial, 67, 74, 90, 207, 221, 323, 327; Uffculme, 30, 34, 48, 74
expenditure (on open-air schools), 7, 19-20, 33, 37, 80; see also grants
Express and Star
extraneous duties of staff, see staff
eyes: defects, 11, 31, 49; diseases, 62, 67; testing, 28, 256, 322; see also conjunctivitis
factories, 1, 41, 202
failure to thrive, 324; see also debility; home environment; housing conditions; malnutrition
family: family atmosphere of schools, 128, 129, 266, 268, 291, 332; links with home, 196, 232; see also visiting days
fancy dress parties, 127
Farmer, Joan, 121-2
farms, 192, 257, 260, 279, 326, 327
fats, 63, 77, 78, 102; see also butter; cheese; dripping; nutrition; suet
‘feeble-minded’ children, 2, 18
feet: exercises for, 207; ‘flat’, 206, 268; hardening of, 176; verrucas, 252; see also walking barefoot
Fell, Gwen (children’s helper), 259-60, 260, 316, 316
Fellows, Mr. (caretaker ‘Frisky’), 132
Fellows, Peter, 169
Fenton, Dr. James, 11
Fenton, J. (nurse), 131, 152
Ferkin, Mrs. (kitchen staff), 274
fibrosis, 74, 91, 104, 109
fieldwork, 72; see also geography
figs, 107
film shows, 221, 223, 228, 290, 299, 310, 311, 312
Finn, Mr. (dentist), 172
fire, 178, 188, 317, 323
First World War, 40-1, 43, 44, 46, 49
Fisher, (Cllr) Mrs., 273
Fisher (Sister), 259, 260
fishing, 233, 246, 250, 301
Fishley, Margaret (Peggy), 94-5
Flannaghan, Paul, 332-3
fleas, 31; see also lice; nits; verminous infestations
Fleet Air Arm, 156
Floodgate School, 22
flowers: growing, 84, 107; wild, 124, 140, 151, 200, 257
fog: Marsh Hill, 81; Uffculme, 32, 45, 199, 203, 235, 272, 273
food, 10, 50, 80, 100, 101, 116, 264, 307, 314, 327, 340, 341; rationing, 135, 181; Cropwood, 118, 296; Haseley Hall, 259, 325; Hunter’s Hill, 310; Uffculme, 23, 236, 239, 268; see also bread; butter; cheese; dripping; eggs; fats; fruit; milk; nutrition; porridge; prunes; rice, ground; rice pudding; school meals; semolina; suet; tripe
football; Hunter’s Hill, 98, 132, 178, 181, 183, 184, 228, 229, 231, 247, 310, 311; Marsh Hill, 82, 161, 254; Uffculme, 76, 202, 275, 278
Ford, Joan, 121, 171
Fowler, John, 183
Fox, Olga, 340
France, visit to, 217, 220
Franklin, N. (teacher), 274
Franol, 164
Frayne, Linda, 238
Freestone, Doris, see Rolls, Doris
French, Mr. (teacher), 112
fresh air, 2, 4, 41, 244; army training, influence of, 40, 41; in mainstream schools, 266; open-air treatment, 8, 10, 50, 79, 80, 103, 173, 195, 327; sanatoriums, 2, 5, 10, 103; see also open-air schools
Frisby, Miss (teacher), 96, 112
Froebel training, 187, 190, 216, 322
frost, 194; frostbite, 154, 177, 227; Cropwood, 61, 92; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 113, 154; Uffculme, 30, 32, 35, 47, 74, 83; see also cold weather; snow
frozen ink, 76, 141, 168, 341
fruit, 6, 43, 63, 76, 97, 102, 122, 221; rationing, 135; see also figs; prunes
Fryers, Miss (children’s helper), 263
Furback, Helen (teacher), 263
furniture, 39, 57, 62, 194
Galbraith, James, 155
Gale, Dr. A. (inspector), 117, 121
Galtery, Miss (teacher), 172
games, see physical education
gardening, 10, 39, 63, 194; Cropwood, 59, 70, 71, 126, 146, 220; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 113, 159, 248, 309; Marsh Hill, 82, 160, 254; Uffculme, 27, 32, 33, 43, 47, 53, 77, 83, 85, 86, 108, 169, 204, 269, 270, 275; see also vegetables
Garraway, Steve, 133
Gartside, David, 260-1
gas masks, 158, 188
Gem St School, 22
General Practitioners, 198, 267; see also doctors
Genever, Miss (nurse), 219
geography, 10, 39, 63, 83, 88, 91, 128, 230, 269
George, D. (teacher), 297
George V, funeral of, 113
George, Fred, 184
George Street West School, 126
Germany, 2, 4, 5-6, 12, 22
Gibbs, Richard, 307
Girl Guides: Cropwood, 125, 217, 218, 239, 240, 286; Haseley Hall, 187, 188; Uffculme, 58, 65, 85, 90, 106
Gladwin, Florence, 107
Gloucester, Duke of, 112
Glover, Dr., 130
go-carts, 232
goat-keeping, 304
Goddard, Lucy, 121, 123-5, 171
Godrich, Julia, see Kimber, Julia
Golden Jubilee (1911-61, Uffculme), 271, 275
golf, 248, 299
Goodby, Bella, 176-7
Gorcott Hill, 326
Gordon, Miss (teacher), 287
Goss, Norma, see Chambers, Norma
Gossage, W., 237, 238, 274, 275
Gough, Miss (teacher), 84, 88, 89, 106, 108
Gould, Jean, 342
Goulden, Mr. (teacher), 68
Grace (meals), 76, 108, 269, 276
Graham, Dr. Lewis, 11, 41, 45, 53
Grammar School Entrance Examination, 85
Grant, Margaret E. (headteacher), 92, 120, 121, 124, 337
grants (to schools), 20, 33
graph work, 72, 333
Great Charles Street Clinic, 49, 103, 181, 222, 227, 240, 254, 301, 322
Greaves, Jean, 228-9
Green, Jean, 149-50
Green, N., 93
Greet (Kindergarten), 14
Guest, Florence, see Willis, Florence
Guest, Keen and Nettefold Ltd., 202
Guides, Girl, see Girl Guides
guinea pigs, 231, 248, 263, 301, 327, 333
Gunn, Margaret (domestic staff), 193; see also Hoyle, Margaret
gymnasiums, 81, 82, 160, 221; see also physical education
Hadow Report (1931), 79
Halesowen Isolation Hospital, 222
Haliday, Mavis, 175
Halifax, 6, 19
Hall, Carol, 296
Hall, John, 133
Hall, Pat, 175
Hallowe’en, 127, 170. 211, 281
Hammond, Dave, 323
hamsters, 301
Hancock, Mabel, 260; see also Bullock, Mabel
Hancock, Ray, 184
handicapped pupils, see ‘crippled’ children; disabled children; physically defective; physically disabled/handicapped children
Handicapped Pupils and School Health Service Regulations, 1945
handicrafts, see arts and crafts; craftwork; handwork; manual instruction
Handsworth clinic, 112, 222
handwork, 39-40, 47, 53, 60, 125, 129, 146, 148, 173, 177, 269; see also arts and crafts; craftwork; manual instruction
Hanley, Rita, 171
Hardinge, Mr. (teacher), 223
Harding’s Royal Steam Bakery, 21
Hardisty, Jean, 228; see also Greaves, Jean
Hardwicke, G., 235, 270, 274
Hardy, Miss (teacher), 109, 121, 124, 126, 149
Harlow, Miss (teacher), 84
Harman, Val, see Mullen, Val
Harper, Miss, 289
Harris, Margaret, 304-5
Harris, Reginald, 304, 305
Harrison, Miss (seamstress), 253
Harrison, Mr. (caretaker), 202
Harrison, E. (teacher), 235, 270, 271, 274, 276
Hart, Miss (cook), 33, 80
Hart, Son, Pearl & Co., 21
Hartfield Crescent School, 314
Hartman, Mrs. (teacher), 292
Haseley, 185, 188, 190
Haseley Hall School, 337; architectural building, 185, 186, 192, 318, 336; history (1891-1942), 185-9; opening, 146, 189-90; reorganisation, 321, 324; 1940s, 186, 188-93, 186; 1950s, 256-62; 1960s, 268, 293, 301, 315-26; see also school log books
Hatfield, Mr. (caretaker), 283
Hatton: church, 91, 258; School, 256, 257; station, 319
Hawkins, Ronald, 178
Haworth, Miss (teacher), 211
Haycock, R., 180
Hayley Green Isolation Hospital, 240, 242, 244, 282
haymaking, 43, 86, 118
Haynes, Rosina, 150
Hazel, Patricia C.J. (headteacher), xiv, 81, 255-6, 313-15, 337
Hazelbury Open-Air School, 342
Head, Brandon, 12
headteachers, 337, 338; (names) see Abbott; Alflatt; Anderson; Blundell; Boothroyd; Brown; Buckley; Butler-Fleming; Cameron; Charlton; Clarke; Grant; Hazel; Hibbert; Hurst; Miles; Mitchell; Moore; Morrison-Smith; Nye; Royle; Urquart; Walton; Williams; Wise; Wright
Headford, Frances, 207, 214; see also Wilmot, Frances
headteachers (personal accounts): Cropwood, 215-17; Haseley Hall, 190-2, 322-5; Marsh Hill, 255-6, 313-15; Skilts, 326-30
health authorities, 267
health education, 267
health, improvement in, 5, 6, 7, 19, 38, 41, 49, 79, 104, 116, 118, 134, 194, 233, 264, 265, 266, 267; after Swiss visits, 330; Cropwood, 91, 120, 121, 335; Haseley Hall, 190, 320; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 129, 228, 253; Marsh Hill, 256; Skilts, 330; Uffculme, 31, 46, 64, 83, 105, 118, 335
Health of the School Child
health, rules of, 8, 80, 122; see also open-air schools (aims/treatment)
health services, school, see school medical services (1907-45); school health services (1945-70)
heart disease, 8, 67, 89, 102, 103, 126, 127, 187, 189; decline of rheumatic hearts: Hunter’s Hill, 153, 221, 251; Uffculme, 31, 120; see also chorea; rheumatic children
heating, 9, 22, 66, 79, 82, 194, 208, 309; see also comfort
Hemming, Leslie, 88, 89
Henderson, Dr., 166, 172
Henshaw, Lou, 184
hepatitis, 282
Herring, P., 180
Hesford, J.A., Ltd., 21
Hewitt, Brenda, 208
Hewitt, Margaret, 151-2
Hewitt, P., 195
Hexley, K., 57; see also Wood, K.
Hibbert, Ella A. (headteacher), 65, 75, 76, 86, 88, 89, 104, 105, 106, 120, 139, 140, 167, 168, 198, 199, 337; appointment, 54; in school log books, 54, 136, 137, 138, 165, 271; photographs, 105, 165; retirement, 198, 199
Hicks, Maurice C., 132-3
Highbury Hall, 42, 44, 107
Higgins, Alice, 111
Highbury Park, 203
Hill (nurse), 249
Hill, Edward (gas lighting and cooking appliances), 21
Hill, Dr. Leonard, 41
Hill, (Bill) William (teacher), 183, 223, 225-6, 228, 229-33, 247, 249, 299, 301, 302-3
Hill Top Hospital Thoracic Unit (Bromsgrove), 195, 221, 258
history, 39, 63, 128, 230; see also curriculum; pageants
Hjelter, Vivienne, see Knight, Vivienne
Hingley, M. (teacher), 271, 274
HMIs, 338; see also inspectors (names); inspectors school reports
hobbies, 221, 228, 277; see also activities (outdoor); beekeeping; pets; photographic club; pigeons; poultry keeping; stamp club
hockey, 82, 108, 174, 241
Hodgson, (Sister), 126, 144, 212
Holdsworth, Mr. (HMI), 299
holiday camps, 101
holiday school: Cropwood, 148; Uffculme, 48, 52, 78
Holmes, Peter, 257
home, links with, 196; see also environment, home; family; visiting days
home economics lessons, see domestic science
home environment, 50, 79, 93, 102, 105, 112, 196, 265, 300, 327; see also housing conditions
Homer, Fred, 340-1
homesickness, 60, 61, 109, 125, 126, 147, 181, 197, 223, 224, 253, 260, 262, 265, 278, 298
honey, 146, 149, 151, 200, 306; see also beekeeping
Honour Bright
Hood, John, 82, 114
Hooper, Gwendoline M., 108
Hope, Henry, & Sons Ltd., 21
Horlicks, 104, 104
Horne, David, see Gartside, David
Horrell & Bowman (locks and fittings), 21
Horton, John, 119, 132
Horton, Olive, 139
hospital consultants, 101
hot weather, 22, 64, 67, 171, 173
House Mothers, 295, 296, 301
housecraft, 256, 270
housekeepers (own accounts), 330-1
‘houses’, school: Cropwood, 72, 121; Haseley, 190; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 129, 133, 221, 231, 303
housewifery classes, 218
housing conditions, poor, 2, 3, 5, 10, 19, 50, 54, 90, 93, 94, 102, 105, 111, 173, 187, 263, 270, 290-1, 299, 301; see also slums; poverty
Howarth, Miss, 212, 223
Hoyle, Mrs. (cleaner), 260
Hoyle, Julia (kitchenmaid), 191
Hoyle, Margaret (cook), 191; see also Gunn, Margaret
Hudson, Miss (teacher), 292
Hughes, Mr. (teacher), 132
Hughes, Mrs. (cook), 299
Hughes, Elsie, 114
Hughes, Evelyn, 114
Hughes, Hetty, 114
Hughes, John, 154-5
Hughes, Maureen, 280-2
Hughes, Veronica, 211
Hull, 341
Hunt, Arthur, xiii, 207, 208, 210, 234, 235, 237, 237-8
Hunt, David, 305
Hunt, E. (teacher), 289
Hunt, Lord (previously Col. and Sir John), 224, 225, 226
‘hunt the whistle’, 303
Hunter’s Hill, 16, 78, 80, 286, 325, 337; architecture/building, 95, 97, 98, 99, 113, 131, 335; opening of, 95-9; 1930s, 95-100, 111-17, 121, 128-34; 1940s, 152-60, 172, 177-84, 191; 1950s, 220-33, 246-53; extensions, 224, 231; 1960s, 261, 268, 297-313; extensions, 301, 304; see also Inspectors school reports; school log books
Hurley, Miss (teacher), 74
Hurley, Mr. (teacher), 254
Hurst, Mabel (headteacher), 24-5, 43, 44, 46, 337; in school log books, 46, 235, 271; photographs, 24, 272; resignation, 46
huts (school buildings), 340, 341
Hutton, Joyce, see Turner, Joyce
hygiene, 4, 9, 22, 41, 50, 62, 80, 102, 114, 117, 173, 217, 267, 269; see also baths; showers
hysteria, 246
Ice and Refrigeration Company, 89
ice-cream, 89
Imperial Institute lectures, 173, 179, 211
impetigo, 192, 264
independence, 303
industry, 1, 116; see also factories
influenza: Cropwood, 148, 241, 243; Hunter’s Hill, 153, 156, 179, 222, 251, 252, 299; Uffculme, 46, 49, 54, 74, 234, 235; see also colds
Ingram, Bruce, 205
inhalers, 195, 196, 238, 239, 265; see also asthma
ink, frozen, 76, 141, 168, 341
Innis, Dr., 143
inspections, medical, see medical examinations; medical inspections
Inspectors (HMIs), 338; (names) Asher; Bardsley; Dellar; Gale; Holdsworth; Irwin; Jackson; Lightowler; Machin; Marks; Morris; Pedley; Ramirez; Ross; Wyllie
Inspectors school reports (HMIs): Cropwood, 68, 90-1, 118-19, 121; Hunter’s Hill, 118-19, 128-9, 220-1, 300; Marsh Hill, 82, 118-19; Skilts, 330; Uffculme, 73, 83, 117-19, 268, 269-70, 271; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports)
Institute of Educational Research, 180
institutional dependance, 303
Intal, 313
integration of delicate pupils, to secondary schools, 313-14
International Congress on School Hygiene, 4, 19
Invalid Children’s Aid Nationwide, 268
iron medicine, 342
Irwin, Mr. (HMI), 45
isolation room (Uffculme), 141
Isoniazid, 196, 233
Isoprenaline, 265
Jackman, Pamela, 175
Jackson, C.E. (HMI), 68
James, (Sister), 263
James, Betty, 166-7
James, Helen, 205
James, Ruth, see Smith, Ruth
Jarvis, Mary (teacher), 35, 43, 52
Jay, Miss (teacher), 109
Jenkins, (Sister), 192
Jenner, E.M., 36
Jennings, Flora, 138
jerseys, 23, 25, 27, 28, 43, 57, 76, 102, 139, 167, 208
Johnson, Rowena, 274
Johnston, Dr., 317
Jones, Miss (teacher), 175, 183, 221
Jones, Miss (teacher), 322, 323, 325
Jones, Mr. (gardener), 274
Jones, Mr. (teacher), 68
Jones, Billy, 72
Jones, Idwal (teacher), 306, 311
Jones, John, 268-9
Jones, Kevin, 306
Jones, Margaret (Peggy), see Fishley, Margaret
Jones, Marguerite, 69-71, 75-6
Jones, Phyllis (teacher), 259, 260, 262
Jones, R. (teacher), 80, 82, 160, 161
Jones, Rhoda L., 109-10
Jordan, Philip, 238
Jukes, Robert W., 107
Kanchenjunga expedition, 225, 226, 227; school project, 226, 229
Keen, Mr. (teacher), 178
Keen, Mrs. (nurse), 57, 109, 121, 126, 145, 147, 150, 151, 173, 212
Kemp, G. (nurse), 112
Kemp, Dr. P.R. (Medical Officer for Birmingham’s Special Schools): Cropwood, 121, 126, 171, 172, 173, 210, 212, 220, 240, 241; Haseley Hall, 192, 257, 260, 315, 316, 322; Hunter’s Hill, 131, 132, 180, 181, 183, 222, 227, 228, 246, 247, 251, 298, 299; Marsh Hill, 254; Uffculme, 271
Kempsey, 120, 137, 138, 141, 154
Kenilworth Pageant, 76
Kenrick, Sir George, 27, 28
Kent, Bernard, 60
Kenward, Pauline, 342
keretitis, 67
Kidd, Peter, 120
Kidgil, Billy, 304
Kimber, Julia, 276-7
kindergartens, Birmingham, 14
King, Ada E., see Newsome, Ada E.
King, Patricia, 189
King’s Heath, 18, 27, 275; baths, 166, 207; station, 25
Kings Norton, 27
Kinson, Mary, 175
kitchens: Haseley, 256; Hunter’s Hill, 250, 301, 302; see also cooks
kitchens (staff): personal reminiscences, 176-7, 193, 330-1; Haseley Hall, 191; Uffculme, 21, 24, 32, 38, 270, 274; see also cooks
Kite, Elsie, 121, 122-3; see also Annis, Elsie
Kite, Margaret, see Hewitt, Margaret
Knight, Leslie, 155-6
Knight, Stephen J., 319-20
Knight, Vivienne, 244-5
knitting, 27, 40, 44, 94, 149
Knowle, 317, 321
Kunzle, Christian, 117, 177, 196, 197; Kunzles’ firm, 77, 182, 197; funeral, 200; see also Davos Alpine School
Kunzle, George, 197, 198
Kyte, Edith, 71
Laing, Cedric B., 201-3
Lake, Miss (cook), 212, 213
Lamb, David (teacher), 249, 252
Lambsdown, Miss (teacher), 254
Langdon, Heather, 160
Langham, Ernest, 32
Lannon, Owen, 161
lantern shows, 68
Lattimore, Miss (teacher), 170
Lawrence, Mr. (teacher), 183
Lawrence, Derek, 181, 182-3
Lawson, Mr. (teacher), 270
Layer, L.E. (Sister), 57, 59
Layton, Vashti, 297
Leadbeater, Miss (teacher), 183
Leamington lights, 258, 315
learning abilities, 266; see also academic ability, attainment testing; academic ability; educational standards
learning difficulties, 267, 279, 303, 312, 314; see also backward children; educationally sub-normal children; retarded children; special needs
leatherwork, 230
Leavesley, Margaret, see Bert, Margaret
leaving certificates, 106, 123, 168, 203
lectures, 173, 179, 211
Ledger, Miss (teacher), 183
Lee, Alan, 184
Leicester, 79
Lerrin, Dr., 289
lessons, see curriculum
letters, writing, see writing
Lewis, Miss (teacher), 298
Lewis, Mr. (teacher), 168
Lewis, Kenneth, 312
liberty bodices, 57, 69, 110
libraries, school, 221, 224, 228, 230
lice, 31, 49, 50, 264; see also fleas; nits; verminous infestations
Lickey Hills, 60, 68, 123, 159
Lickey Incline, 99, 114, 132, 159, 229, 249, 305
life expectation, 267
Lightowler, Miss (HMI), 272
Linn, Hugh (dentist), 245, 283
lino-cutting, 112
literature: readers of, 328; study of, 40; see also reading; story telling
Little Bromwich Hospital, 103, 113, 130, 155, 169, 181, 220
Little Green Lane Special School, 126, 132, 143, 154
Livey, Kenneth, 238
living standards, improvement of, 334
Llewellyn, Dr., 166, 172
log books, see school log books
Loggia (Cropwood), 16, 281
London, 2; Education Department 1898, 2, 4; open-air schools, 6, 80, 341, 342
Lang, Miss (teacher), 138
Langbridge Laundry, 112
Loveday Maternity Hospital, 145
Lowe, M. (teacher), 131
Lowndes, H.C., 99-100
Lowries, Mr., 220
Lucas, Eileen, 93
lung diseases, see asthma; bronchitis; bronchiectasis; catarrh; chest conditions
Lunney, Gillian, 237-8
Lupus Vulgaris, 31, 106
M & B (drug), 178, 213
Mabbett, Ray, 81-2
McCormick, J.C. (teacher), 270, 271
McDonald, J. (teacher), 297, 298, 299, 301, 309
Macfarlane, Walter, & Co., 21
Machin, Mr. (HMI), 299
McIndoe, Miss, 144
McLuskey, David, 304
McMillan, Margaret, 6
magistrates, Birmingham, 14, 17
Maguire, Miss (teacher), 155, 156, 159
maladjusted chidren, 136, 163, 194, 195, 198, 264, 266; Cropwood, 120; Hunter’s Hill, 297, 301, 309, 311, 312; Skilts, 332; Uffculme, 270, 278, 269; see also backward children; ‘difficult’ children; ‘disturbed’ children; nervous children
Maladjusted Children, Report
malnutrition, 1, 2, 4, 8, 19, 23, 26, 49; 1920s, 50, 62, 64; 1930s, 101, 102, 104, 106, 112, 116, 341; 1950s, 221, 233, 238, 263, 342; 1960s, 264, 266, 270, 301
malt, 10, 59, 71, 139, 254
Malvern, 68, 91, 109, 133, 178, 181, 183, 223, 229, 232, 249, 298
Malvern Open-Air School, 223, 340-1
Manchester, 4, 19
Mann, Mrs. (teacher), 199
manual instruction, 7, 8, 38; see also arts and crafts; craftwork; handwork
mapwork, 72, 307; see also geography
Margaret, Princess, 298
Marks, A. (HMI), 117, 121
Marsh Hill School, 337; architecture/building, 81, 82, 254, 255, 256; opening of, 80-1; 1930s, 79-82, 96, 113; 1940s, 160-1, 164; 1950s, 195, 197, 228, 233, 253-6, 272, 278, 284, 299; 1960s, 264, 268, 272, 278, 284, 299, 313-15, 338; see also Inspectors school reports; school log books
Marshall, Jean (Sister), 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 252-3, 299
Marston, Betty, see Webster, Betty
Marston, Margaret, see Timmins, Margaret
Martineau Cottage, 260
Martineau family, 188, 260
Martineau, Clara, 56, 57, 59, 60, 68, 91, 101, 275
Martineau House (seaside school): Bognor Regis, 233, 234, 235, 237, 256, 271, 275, 277, 278, 285; Towyn, 101, 199, 200, 202, 203, 206, 207, 233, 237, 256
mastoid, 156
mathematics, see arithmetic
maypole dancing, see dancing
meals, see food; nutrition; school meals
means test (school fees), 133
Meanwell, Keith, 197, 228
measles, 5, 31, 287, 299
medical charts, 134
Medical Council, 67
medical examinations (of Birmingham’s open-air pupils), 196; Cropwood, 57, 58, 91, 210, 220, 240, 241, 243; Skilts, 328; Uffculme, 22, 32, 26, 45-6, 64, 239; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports)
Medical Inspection Report
medical inspections (of all schoolchildren), 2, 4, 11, 19, 117, 136, 198, 267; see also Inspectors school reports; medical examinations; school medical officers; school medical service
medical officers, see Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports); Chief Medical Officers annual reports; school medical service
medical records, 118, 121, 239
medical science, progress in, 334
medical services, school, see school medical services (1907-45); school health services (1945-70)
Medical Society, 185
medical treatment, 32, 136, 163, 196, 267, 269; beginnings of school clinics, 47; see also National Health Service; open-air schools (treatment); school health services; school medical services
Medical Treatment Act 1909, 4
medication, 71, 106, 134, 164, 238, 239, 252, 265, 267, 294, 314; see also advertisements (medicines), asthma inhalers; tonics; vitamins; specific drugs: Adrenelene; Aminophyline; Atropine Co; Disodium Cromoglycate (Intal); Ephedrine; Franol; Isoniazid; Isoprenaline; M & B; Neo-Epinine; Nublae; PAS; Sulphadiazine; Sulphaquanidin; Sulphathiazine
Meer, Bernard (teacher), 333-4
Megs, Mrs. (kitchen staff), 274
Mellor, F. (teacher), 33, 46, 53
mentally defective children, 45; see also educationally sub-normal children
Merchant Navy Comforts Service, 146, 147, 148, 149, 152
Merrick, Miss (teacher), 289
Merriman, M. (teacher), 224
‘Merry-Go-Round’, 311
metalwork, 8, 47, 275
Middleton, Pat, 175
Midland Counties Dairy Ltd., 77, 100
Midland Educational Co. Ltd., 21
Midland Festival Competition, 92
midnight feasts, 71, 179, 180, 248, 298
migraine, 270
Miles, J.E. (headteacher), 253, 254, 337
milk, 6, 50, 63, 100, 101, 102, 116, 135, 136, 264, 277; Cropwood, 69, 70, 121, 285; Haseley Hall, 190; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 221; Uffculme, 25, 30, 43, 54, 76, 77, 108, 138, 139, 166, 200, 205; see also Milk Marketing Board; National Milk Publicity Council; National Milk Scheme
Milk in Schools Act 1934, 100
Milk Marketing Board, 50, 100
Miller, Dr., 271
Miller, Mrs. (cook), 244
Millward, Mrs. (kitchen staff), 274
Mitchell, Dr. (Medical Officer of Health), 121, 126, 130, 148, 169, 187
Mitchell, Ivor (headteacher), 326-30, 337
Modern Building Record
Mole, Dr., 243, 283, 298
monitors, 87, 166, 169, 276
Montessori teaching, 52
Moore, Joan (teacher), 235, 271, 274
Moore, John, 261-2
Moore, Marian (headteacher), 185, 187, 188, 189
Moore, Michael, 205
Morris, Shirley, 238
morris dancing, see dancing
Morris, Miss (teacher), 287
Morris, Miss (HMI), 210
Morris, Mr. and Mrs. (Martineau House), 203
Morrison-Smith, Dr. J., 240, 246, 264, 265
Mort (nurse), 211
Mortiboys, Frank (caretaker), 191
Moseley, 12
Moseley Hall, 12, 13; Hospital, 43, 69, 270, 279
Moss, Ruby, 175
mothercraft lessons, 91
Mountford, D.M., 312
Mountney, Mr. (caretaker), 292
Mullard, Eileen, see Davies, Eileen
Mullen, Val, 287-9
mumps, 32, 46, 68, 169, 177, 211
Murphy, Kathleen, 207
Murray, Joan, 122
music, 188, 190, 217, 236, 253, 269, 270, 296; see also concerts
Musty, Catherine, 284
Musty, Jenny, see Cangy, Jenny
naked: runs in the snow, 158; walking around, 115; see also sunbathing (Cropwood)
Nash, Jean, see Green, Jean
National Adult School Union, 13
National Association of Schoolmasters, 96
National Exhibition of Children’s Art, 306
National Health Service, 162, 163, 198, 267; see also school health services; school medical services
National Health Service Act, 267
National Milk Publicity Council, 50
National Milk Scheme, 135
National Union of Teachers, 266
nature study, 10, 63, 194; Cropwood, 59, 68, 69, 91, 123-4, 151; Haseley Hall, 191; Hunter’s Hill, 230, 309; Marsh Hill, 81; Uffculme, 19, 23, 27, 39, 43, 44, 65, 83, 107, 166, 200, 206, 207, 269
Nechells, 95, 181
needlework, 8; Cropwood, 146, 148, 171, 172, 211; Hunter’s Hill, 230; Uffculme, 40, 270, 275
neglected children, 229, 238, 239; see also debility
Neo-Epinine, 164
nephritis, 221, 270
nervous children, 163, 198, 233, 234, 267, 342; Cropwood, 242, 291; Hunter’s Hill, 129, 221, 229, 301; Uffculme, 103, 105, 238, 269, 270; see also maladjusted children
nervous disorders, 8, 62, 67, 136, 229, 313; see also backward children; maladjusted children; nervous children
netball, 108, 217, 254
neurosis, 109; see also nervous children
New Street station (Birmingham), 62, 115, 162, 163
New York City, 6
Newall, Winnie, 24, 35
Newland, Anthony, 208
Newman, 180
Newman, Sir George, 4, 8, 80, 101
Newnham, Rose, 82
Newsome, Ada E., 43-4, 272
Newton, Miss, 287, 289
Nichol, (Sister), 173
nits, 50, 135, 181, 238, 239; see also lice
Noakes, Mrs. (children’s helper), 191
Norris, N., 341
North of England Furnishing Co., 21
Norwich, 6
Nublae, 164
nurses, 101, 118, 135, 172, 195, 234, 266, 314; at Cropwood, 92, 93, 124, 125, 126, 144, 147, 150, 171, 212, 219, 242, 243, 280, 282, 283, 287, 292, 293, 296; at Haseley Hall, 186, 187, 191 192, 256, 259, 315, 316, 322; at Hunter’s Hill, 97, 112, 114, 130, 131, 133-4, 156-7, 181; at Marsh Hill, 82, 160, 254, 314; at Skilts, 263, 316, 317, 328, 330; at Uffculme, 24, 36, 37, 45, 48, 75, 84, 106, 108, 166, 208, 234, 235, 237, 238-9, 269
nurses (names), see Allison; Ashby; Atkins; Barrett; Bendall; Bigger; Bond; Brown; Coan; Comb; Cone; Crosby; Dainty; Daniels; Davies; Dorrie; Edwards; Fenton; Fisher; Genever; Gossage; Hill; Hodgson; James; Jenkins; Keen; Kemp; Layer; Marshall; Mort; Nichol; Parry; Proctor; Puddifoot; Rogers; Sandy; Sheldon; Shemwell; Simfield; Smith; Southam; Tippetts; Wilkins; Williams; Yelland
nurses (personal accounts): Hunter’s Hill, 133-4, 252-3; Uffculme, 238-9
nutrition, 30, 63, 79, 100, 101, 135, 164, 187, 264, 267; see also food; school meals
Nye, A.E. (headteacher), 337
obesity, 233
O’Connors, Dr. Caroline, 5, 11, 37, 45
Okey, Margaret, see Donnellan, Margaret
Oliver, Mrs. (teacher), 325
O’Looney, Teresa, 296
open-air schools: aims of, 23, 41, 62-4, 66, 67, 79, 80, 84, 194, 250, 264, 267, 325; changes in, 233, 237, 239, 256, 264-8, 271, 274, 276, 277, 278, 303, 309, 312, 313-15, 325, 334; clothing for, 6, 9, 23, 27, 39, 102, 195; first pioneer schools, 5, 6, 18, 19; requirements of, 8-10, 19, 39, 62-4, 66, 102, 195; survey of, 194-5, 266; treatment, 7, 8, 15, 16, 18, 19, 38, 41, 50, 78, 102, 116, 118, 198, 229; statistics: 1920s, 50, 56, 64; 1930s, 79-80, 83, 95, 101, 105, 116; 1950s, 196, 221, 233, 242; 1960s, 266, 271, 295, 312, 329; summary of, 334-5, 337; see also Appendix III, 340-2
Open-Air Studies, British Association Conference on, 27
Open Days, see visiting days
Open-Spaces Association, 10
opera, 311
O’Reegan, Gerard, 306
O’Riley, Mr. (teacher), 332
O’Shaugnessy, John, 168-9
osteomyelitis, 171, 227
otitis media, 221
outdoor activities, see activities, outdoor
outings, see school outings
overcoats, 94, 102, 110, 150, 231, 307; see also clothing
Owen, Miss (teacher), 109, 125, 126, 142
Owen, Frances, 175
Owen, Freda, 176
Owen, Jack, 60
paddling pool, 241, 258, 261, 297, 299, 319
pageants, 75, 76, 77, 83, 83, 85, 89
painting, 231, 306
pantomimes, 223, 232
paper cutting, 39; see also arts and crafts
parents: over-anxious, 265; parental rejection, 300; see also
Parents Committee, Cropwood, 218, 239, 243, 283
Parker, Mr.,112
Parker, Mr. (dentist), 300
Parker, Celia, 24
Parker, Florence, see Gladwin, Florence
Parker, Margaret, 340
Parker, Winder & Achurch Ltd., 21
Parks, Miss (teacher), 234
Parry, Sister (nurse), 191, 192, 256
Parsons, Mrs. (physiotherapist), 277
Parsons, Dr. Agnes, 11
Parsons, Hubert, 60
pasteurisation, of milk, 264
PAS (drug), 233
paths, making of, 194
Patterson, Rev. Carlisle, 240
Payne, Miss (teacher), 323
Peace Celebrations, 48
Peacock, Barry (architect), 14, 17, 21, 55; see also Cossins, Peacock & Bewlay (architects)
Peake, Gillian, see Lunney, Gillian
Pearce, Mrs. (teacher), 292
Pearman, John, 326
Pedley, Miss (HMI), 299
Pegg, Joyce, 106
periodical examinations, see medical examinations
Perkins, Miss (teacher), 67, 68, 70
Perrygrove, Mr. (caretaker), 143, 211; death, 212
Perrygrove, Mrs., 146, 177
Perthes disease, 221
Peters, Mr. (teacher), 254
petit-mal, 270, 342
petrol rationing, 241
pets, 39, 231, 247, 330, 333; see also animals; bantams; hens
Phillips, Dr., 328
Phillips, Betty, see Roberts, Betty
Phillips, Olive, 95
philosophy of open-air schools, see open-air schools (aims)
phlyctenular ophthalmia, 31
phobias: fear/dislike of school, 234, 270, 275, 297, 301
photographic club, 306, 311
Physical Deterioration, Local Government Board’s Report (1904)
physical drill, 34, 45, 74
physical education, 12, 50, 63, 74, 101, 118; Cropwood, 111, 220, 242, 243, 296; Hunter’s Hill, 179, 230, 231, 309; Uffculme, 48, 74; see also drill; dancing; exercises; sports
physical handicaps, see disabled children; physically defective; physically disabled/handicapped children
physically defective, 2, 4, 11; see also ‘crippled’ children
physically disabled/handicapped children, 2, 154, 156, 221, 266, 313; see also ‘crippled’ children; disabled children
physiotherapy, 139, 141, 195, 239, 252, 268, 276, 292
phythisis, 45
picnics, 126
pigeons, 248
physical relaxation, see rest
Piff, Alice, 26
Pilgrims School (for asthmatics), 268
Pilling, Kenneth, 294
pine trees, 5, 243
Pines School, 314, 315
Pinner, Richard (teacher), 306, 307, 308, 309-12
Pinsent, Hume (Mrs.), 27, 28, 32
planned rhythm (timetable), 327, 328, 330; see also curriculum
Plant, Miss (teacher), 84, 85
plasticine modelling, 48
platforms, slatted, 39, 341, 342
Platt, Enid, see Deeble, Enid
playroom (Cropwood), 123, 124, 125, 295
plays, school: Cropwood, 91, 172; Hunter’s Hill, 95, 224, 247, 308; Uffculme, 89, 204, 205, 210; see also drama; pantomimes
Plester, Mr. (gardener), 260, 261
Plowman, Audrey, 149, 173, 211
pneumonia, 91, 103, 112, 150, 253, 340
pocket money, 248
polio, 221
polka, see dancing
Pollentine, Miss, 285
pollution, 1, 2, 5, 54, 196, 265
ponds, making of, 194
pool, Uffculme, 83, 141
porridge, 1, 6, 10, 52, 101, 236, 341; Cropwood, 69, 72, 122; Haseley Hall, 187, 193; Hunter’s Hill, 187, 193; Uffculme, 25, 30, 43, 54, 76, 139, 166, 200, 204, 208, 236; see also school meals
postural defects, 90; see also exercises; spine, curvature of
postural drainage, 195, 216, 236, 238, 307
postural exercises, see exercises
potatoes, 79, 122, 157; peeling, 27, 166, 176
Potter, Ellen M. (teacher), 24, 35, 36
pottery, 229, 254, 276
Pott’s disease, 221
poultry keeping, 39, 47, 53
poverty, 10, 11, 18, 50, 90, 102, 163; see also housing conditions; malnutrition
Powell, Councillor, 271
Powell, W.J. (teacher), 305, 307, 308
Pratt, Miss (teacher), 67, 70, 112
Preece, Mary, 71
prefects: Cropwood, 212, 295; Hunter’s Hill, 179, 248, 250, 302; see also ‘houses’
pre-school care, 267
preventative medicine, 6, 77, 267
Price, Mr. (caretaker), 284
Price, A. (night attendant), 136
Priestman, Miss (teacher), 186, 187, 188, 189
Priestman, Mrs., 17
primary units (for delicate pupils), 314, 315
Pritchard, Miss (teacher), 138
Pritchard, June, see Teece, June
probation officers, 172, 298, 308
Proctor (nurse), 292
project work, 248; see also individual school log book entries
Providence (America), 6, 8
prunes, 86, 99, 101, 107, 115
psoriasis, 270
psychological disorders, 267, 303; see also emotional problems; learning difficulties; maladjusted children
psychosomatic disorders, 263, 326
public health, 264, 314
Public Health
Puddifoot, Mrs. (nurse), 317, 323
pulmonary fibrosis, see fibrosis
punishment, 167, 169, 273, 340; corporal, 82; see also caning; discipline
Queen’s Hospital, Birmingham, 185
Queensbridge School, 200, 206, 274
rabbits, 28, 224, 231, 247, 301, 333
Radnall, Irene, 106
raffia work, 48, 65, 86, 231
Raistrick, Miss (teacher), 172
rambles, see walks
Ramirez, Miss (HMI), 271
Randall, C. (teacher), 235, 270, 271, 273, 274, 276, 279
ration books, 181; see also food
Raybould, Raymond, 341
Rea, River, 185
reading: Cropwood, 150, 242, 281, 293; Hunter’s Hill, 128, 229, 230; Uffculme, 32, 48, 236, 268, 269, 306; see also remedial reading; storytelling
reading/speaking competitions, 121
records (of pupils), 69; see also admission registers
record sessions, 277, 288
Redditch, 148, 178, 247, 326
Reedswood Park Open-Air School, 340
Reid, Audrey, 211; see also Plowman, Audrey
Reid, Pat, 291
religious education, 231, 269; see also assembly, school
remedial breathing, see exercises
remedial exercises, see exercises; physiotherapy
remedial gymnast, 327; see also Collins, Mr.
remedial reading, 268, 269, 292
remedial teaching, 198, 229, 269
respiratory disorders, see asthma; bronchiectasis; bronchitis; catarrh; chest conditions
rest, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 50, 64, 80, 119, 194, 233, 264, 266, 342; Cropwood, 61, 67, 68, 70, 71, 93, 124, 217, 218; Haseley, 319, 324; Hunter’s Hill, 97, 99, 159, 161, 248, 252, 310; Marsh Hill, 82, 160, 254; Skilts, 328; Uffculme, 19, 39, 41, 46, 47, 52, 53, 85 87, 139, 141, 164, 166, 204, 206, 236, 239, 271, 277
rest-sheds: Cropwood, 55, 67, 68, 71, 243; Marsh Hill, 81, 195, 254, 255, 256; Uffculme, 23, 29, 30, 32, 45, 47, 106, 117, 208, 234, 239, 254, 270
retarded children, 243, 265; Cropwood, 217, 242; Hunter’s Hill, 228; Skilts, 329; see also backward children
rheumatic children, 52, 67, 185; Cropwood, 109; Haseley Hall, 185-6, 187; Hunter’s Hill, 221
Rheumatic Clinic, 228
rheumatic fever, 103, 185, 186, 187, 189
rheumatic hearts, see heart diseases
Rice, G.A. (teacher), 247, 249
Rice, Margaret, 253
rice, ground, 54, 107
rice pudding, 123
Richardson, K. (teacher), 298
Richardson, Leslie (teacher), 220, 224, 228, 248-9, 249, 251, 253, 297, 299
Richardson, Nellie, see Crawford, Nellie
Richards, June, 204
rickets, 5, 31, 49, 52, 62, 264
Riley, A. (caretaker), 74
ringworm, 5, 31, 49, 102, 264
Roberts, Dr., 146, 177
Roberts, Betty, 149
Roberts, Gladys, 150, 151
Roberts, J. (teacher), 96, 99, 111
Roberts, M. (teacher), 297
Robinson, Brian, 184
Robinson, Dr. O., 30
Rodell, Irene, 341
Rogers, (nurse), 48
Rogers, J. (teacher), 96, 99, 112
roller skating, 232
Rolls, Doris, 89-90
Rose, Miss (teacher), 132
Rosemary Cottage, 14, 16, 55, 59, 67, 71, 98, 110, 144, 149, 176, 218, 219, 220, 241, 283, 284, 289, 290, 296; see also Cropwood School
Ross, Mr. (caretaker), 221, 223, 249, 302, 304
Ross, Mrs., 114, 222, 223, 228, 232, 247, 250, 251
Ross, E.L. (Inspector of Special Schools, Birmingham), 67, 68, 91, 129, 144, 146, 148, 149, 171, 173, 192, 210, 211, 294
rounders, 73, 92, 108, 121, 161, 217, 231, 254
Roundheads and Cavaliers Pageant, 83
Rowe, Dr., 227
Royal Commission on the Blind, Deaf (1899)
Royle, Gillian (headteacher), 315, 316, 321, 322-5, 337
rugby, 88
rugmaking, 73, 229
rugs, 9, 23, 25, 76; see also blankets
Rumball, Diana, 172, 175
runaways, see absconding
rural science, 231; see also animals; pets
Rushton, Mr. (caretaker), 87
Russell, E.L. (Chief Education Officer), 213, 227
Russell, Mrs. (cook), 24, 33
Sainsbury, Dr., 145, 162, 163, 170
St Martin’s Church, Birmingham, 272
St Vitus’s dance, see chorea
sandpit, 241, 258, 297, 317, 324
Sandy (nurse), 126
Satchwell, Mrs. (teacher), 289
Saul, Pauline, xiii, 203-6; see also Brueton, Pauline
Savage, Mr. (teacher), 84
Sawdon, Miss (teacher), 170
Sawyer, Lady Adelaide, 185, 319
Sawyer, Sir James, 185 185, 193, 319
Saunders, D., 342
scabies, 264
scales, 28, 63, 185
scarlet fever, 5, 16, 27, 28, 31, 35, 59, 156, 181, 210; decline of, 264
school attendance, see absconding; admissions; school log books
school camps, 79; see also camp school (Cropwood)
School Choirs Festival, 108
school clinics, 101, 112, 162, 198, 264, 308, 314; establishment of, 4, 11; eye clinic, 222, 227, 299; see also Asthma Clinic; Great Charles St Clinic; Handsworth Clinic; Rheumatic Clinic; school health services; school medical services
School Dental Officers, 233, 245, 271; see also dentists
school health services (1945-70) (formerly called school medical services): 1940s, 136, 142, 162; 1950s, 194, 196, 198, 241; 1960s, 264-8, 289, 314; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports); Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports (Board/Ministry of Education); school medical services (1907-1945)
school inspections, see Inspectors school reports
School Inspectors, see Inspectors
school leavers, 202, 272, 278; see also leaving certificates
school log books, 326, 338-9; Cropwood: 1920s, 57-61, 67-8; 1930s, 91-2, 109, 120-1, 125-8; 1940s, 142-9, 169-73; 1950s, 210-13, 217-20, 240-2; 1960s, 282-4, 287, 289-90, 292-3, 295; Haseley Hall: 1940s, 192-3; 1950s, 256-8; 1960s, 315-17, 321; Hunter’s Hill: 1930s, 96-7, 112-14, 130-2; 1940s, 152-3, 156, 177-81; 1950s, 222-4, 227-8, 246-7, 251, 252; 1960s, 298-302, 307-8; Marsh Hill: 1930s, 81; 1960s, 313; Uffculme: 1911-19, 25, 28-37, 44-9; 1920s, 52-4, 64-5, 73-5; 1930s, 120; 1940s, 136-8, 164-6; 1950s, 199-200, 234-6; 1960s, 270-3, 278-9
school meals, 4, 5, 6, 10, 19, 41, 63, 101, 135, 136, 264, 266, 314; payment of, 28, 43, 80, 167, 208; Cropwood, 72, 92, 122, 124, 174, 280-1, 285; Haseley Hall, 325; Hunter’s Hill, 97, 99, 154, 159; Marsh Hill, 82, 160, 161, 254; Uffculme, 21, 25, 26, 28, 36, 43, 75, 76, 87, 104, 107, 108, 120, 139, 141, 166, 200, 209, 236, 237, 238, 268, 269, 276, 277; see also food; nutrition
school medical officers, 11, 63, 79, 100, 112, 118, 164, 173, 194, 195, 196, 221, 239, 243, 264, 289, 314, 317, 328; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports); Chief Medical officers annual reports (Board/Ministry of Education); doctors; school health/medical service
school medical services (1907-45): foundation of, 4, 11, 19, 31; First World War, 41, 49; 1920s, 50, 52, 62-4, 67; 1930s, 79, 100, 101-2, 117; 1940s, 135-6; see also Birmingham Education Committee (School Medical Officers Reports); Chief Medical officers annual reports (Board/Ministry of Education); school health services (1945-70)
school outings, 133, 222, 232, 290, 299; see also Dovedale; France; Leamington; Lickey Hills; Malvern; Stratford
school plays, see plays, school
school records, 338; see also Admission Registers; school log books
School Registers, see Admission Registers
schools, see individual names: Astley Hall; Beausale; Bow Rd; Cottingham Rd; Cropwood; Dame Cadbury; Floodgate; Gem St; George St West; Greet Kindergarten; Hartfield Crescent; Haseley Hall; Hatton; Hazlebury; Hunter’s Hill; Little Green Lane; Malvern; Marsh Hill; Pines; Reedswood Park; Shenstone; Skilts; Springfield; Springwell Hse; Stockland Green; Uffculme; Upton House; Welsh Farm; William Murdoch; Wroxall; Wroxall Abbey
scooters, 245, 248, 251
Scouts: Cropwood, 59; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 112, 304
screens (classroom/dormitory), 9, 21, 22, 38, 68, 76, 82, 124, 270
Scrivener, Mrs. (teacher), 323
Scrivington, Miss (teacher), 197
Seaside School, see Martineau House (Seaside School)
Second World War, 117, 126, 134-60, 162, 188, 190; see also air raids; wartime
security, 300
selection of pupils, 19, 23, 62, 116; see also admissions
selection of staff, see staff (selection)
Selly Oak Hospital, 172
semolina, 86, 99
septic throats, 37
Severn Trent Water Authority, 321
Sewell, Colleen, 296
sewing, 40, 48, 94, 108; see also darning; dressmaking
sex education, 267, 327
Shaftesbury, Earl of, 1
Sharman, Mrs. (teacher), 316
Sharp, Miss, 284
Shaw, George B., 108
Shaw, R.M., 57
Shawson, Edith, 71
Sheffield, 6, 19
Sheldon, (Sister), 243, 282
Shelter, The (Cropwood), 16, 17, 58, 59, 68, 94, 95, 98
Shemwell, Miss (teacher), 240
Shenstone School, 314, 315
Shewring, Dr., 283
shipping routes, 88
shoes, 132, 133, 243, 263, 285; cleaning of, 71, 122, 134, 154, 158, 218, 252, 321; see also clogs
Shooter’s Hill Open-Air School, 6, 10
Showell, Mr., 211
showers, 5, 9, 102; Cropwood, 69, 92, 244; Hunter’s Hill, 132; Uffculme, 21-2, 43, 106, 108, 166, 169; see also baths
shutters, 341
Simfield, (Sister), 284
Simmons, Hilda (cook), 334
singing, 63, 88, 106, 108, 161, 217, 290, 296
siting of open-air schools, 8-10, 39, 62
sitting out bags, 6, 8, 9
skiing, 197
Skilts: Lower, 326, 331; Upper, 326
Skilts School: architecture/building, 327, 331, 332; history of house, 326; opening of, 198, 262, 327, 330; 1950s, 258, 262-3, 262; 1960s, 268, 295, 321, 325, 326-34; see also Inspectors school reports; headteachers
skin diseases, 67, 130, 135, 229; see also eczema; impetigo; lupus; psoriasis
skipping, 233
Skyllus Grange, 326
slats, 39, 341
sledging, see tobogganing
sleep-time garden, 55, 71
slums, 3, 19, 23, 54, 94; see also housing conditions; poverty
Small Heath, 65, 75, 262
Smallwood, Dr., 127, 142
Smallwood, Mrs. (Cllr), 211, 251
Smellie, Dr., 67, 91
Smith, Dr., 279, 307
Smith, Mrs. (cook-housekeeper), 283, 284, 285
Smith (nurse), 186, 258
Smith, Diane, 200
Smith, E.V. (Chairman of Birmingham Education Committee), 192, 224, 227
Smith, Eileen Wilson, see Wilson Smith, Eileen
Smith, Gordon, 159
Smith, Ruth, 186-7
Smith, Major & Stevens Ltd., 21
smoking, 267
snow, 194; Cropwood, 62, 125, 142, 145, 146, 171, 287; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 112, 133, 152, 158, 227, 302; Skilts, 331, 333; Uffculme, 30, 31-2, 34, 43, 45, 53, 54, 73, 137, 164, 234; see also cold weather; frost
soapstones, 8, 9
Soar, Miss (teacher), 170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 211, 212, 213, 220, 243, 244, 285
soccer, 88
social conditions, better, 267
sociological problems, 264, 265, 267, 295, 297, 301, 305; see also ‘difficult’ children; ‘disturbed’ children; environment; housing; maladjusted children; phobias
soldiers, 40-1, 44, 49
Southam, (Sister), 234, 238, 240
Sparks, Dorothy, 110-11
speaking/reading competitions, 121
Special Education, Advisory Committee, for, 266
‘special needs’, 136, 267, 334
special schools, development of, 4, 163, 268; Birmingham, 50-1, 195-6, 203, 233
Special Schools Sub-Committee, see Birmingham Special Schools Sub-Committee
speech disorders, 266, 313
speech therapy, 266, 268, 328
Spence, Moira (teacher), 199, 200, 206, 207, 209, 234, 235, 236; see also Armson, Moira
spine, curvature of, 10, 67; see also exercises; postural defects
spitting, 11
sports: annual sports contests, 89, 164; sports days: at Cropwood, 60; at Hunter’s Hill, 96, 158, 183, 299; see also activities (outdoor); athletics; cricket; football; hockey; merry-go-round; rounders; rugby; soccer; table tennis; tennis
Springfield School, 321
Springwell House Open-Air School, London, 342
Squire, Miss (teacher), 84
staff: accommodation, 194, 228, 251, 252, 279-80, 290, 292, 309, 331; dedication of, 265, 330, 332, 334; extraneous duties of, 129, 134, 176, 256, 292, 297, 308, 309, 321, 322, 330; problems in staffing, 290, 292, 308, 327; selection of, 62-4, 96, 128-9, 280; see also caretakers; children’s helpers; cooks; doctors; kitchen (staff); nurses; school medical officers; teachers; teamwork
stamp club, 134, 306
standards, educational, see educational standards
Staples, Phyllis, 150
Stapleton, T.M., 174-5
Starkey, Ruth, 175
stay, average length of, 233; Cropwood, 55, 57, 67, 109; Hunter’s Hill, 128, 221; Skilts, 329; Uffculme, 31, 118, 273
steamer chairs, 6
Steane, Beryl, 200
Steane, Lucy, see Goddard, Lucy
steroids, 265, 268
Stewart, Miss (teacher), 197
Stiles, Rita, 189
Stocker, Mrs. (teacher), 199
Stockland Green School, 314
Stockley, E.M., 33
Stokes, Miriam, 175
story-telling, 195; Cropwood, 124, 150, 210; Hunter’s Hill, 248; Marsh Hill, 160; Skilts, 195, 328; Uffculme, 32, 39; see also literature; reading
Stratford, 192, 234, 243, 270, 286
Streptomycin, 196, 233
stretchers, 9, 23, 38, 64, 82; see also rest
Stubbs, Mr. (teacher), 308
Studley, 326
suet, 30
Sulphadiazene, 181, 210, 222, 246
Sulphaquanidin, 222
Sulphathiazine, 227
sun, 8, 22, 40, 52
sunbathing, 79, 102; Cropwood, 59, 60, 93, 121, 122, 124, 126, 150, 151; Uffculme, 106, 107, 317
Sunday Mercury
Sundays: Cropwood, 61, 62, 122, 124, 174, 244; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 178, 179; see also churchgoing
sunray treatment, 141, 167, 207, 254
surgery, 134, 155, 238, 252
surgical spirits, 122
Sutherland, Dr. H., 148
Sutton, Marlene, 208
sweaters, see jerseys; see also clothing
sweets, 94, 122, 150, 170, 200, 233, 248; see also tuck
Swift, Mr. (caretaker), 274
swimming, 50, 79; Cadbury’s factory, 13; Cropwood, 55, 60, 67, 93, 110, 111, 122, 143, 146, 152, 174, 213; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 99, 115, 132, 159; Uffculme, 108, 207
Swinden & Sons, 21
swings, 245, 322
Swiss Red Cross, 162, 166
Switzerland, 162, 165, 166, 170, 171, 172, 178, 181, 182, 196, 197, 198, 265; see also Davos Alpine School
sword dancing, see
Symons, Miss (teacher), 149, 150
table tennis, 310
tables (arithmetic), 207, 236
Tame, River, 185
Tansley, Mr. C., 321
Tardebigge: canal, 210, 305; canoe/boating club, 231, 246, 248
Taylor, Miss (teacher), 211, 218
Taylor, Doris, M., 54, 62
Taylor, Rev. Isaac, 1
Taylor, Raymond, 305
teachers (names), see Alexander; Alflatt; Anderson; Ansell; Armson; Aston; Atkins; Atkinson; Aze; Bailey; Baldock; Barrodale; Bazire; Bell; Belling; Bennet; Billing; Blay; Bolton; Bottom; Boyd; Bromage; Brooke; Browning; Bullock; Burridge; Burt; Carr; Cartes; Cassells; Castle; Chedgy; Clark; Clarke; Cook; Cooper; Dallow; Davies; Davis; Dilworth; Disney; Dix; Edwards; Etherington; Evans; Evershed; Franklin; French; Frisby; Furback; Galtery; George; Gorden; Gough; Goulden; Hardinge; Hardy; Harlow; Hartman; Haworth; Hill; Hingley; Hudeson; Hughes; Hunt; Hurley; Hurly; Jarvis; Jay; Jones; Keen; Lamb; Lambsdown; Lattimore; Lawrence; Lawson; Leadbeater; Ledger; Lewis; Long; Lowe; McCormick; McDonald; Maguire; Mann; Meer; Mellor; Merrick; Merriman; Moore; Morris; Newton; Oliver; O’Riley; Owen; Parks; Payne; Pearce; Perkins; Peters; Pinner; Plant; Potter; Powell; Pratt; Priestman; Pritchard; Raistrick; Randall; Rice; Richardson; Roberts; Robinson; Rogers; Rose; Satchwell; Savage; Sawden; Scrivener; Scrivington; Sharman; Sharp; Soar; Stewart; Stocker; Stubbs; Symons; Taylor; Tearse; Tebbutt; Tedd; Trace; Trihy; Tucker; Wainwright; Wales; Ward; Webb; Weedon; Wetherall; Whipp; White; Whitehouse; Wightman; Wishart; Woodward; Yoxall; see also headteachers
teachers: difficulties in open-air schools, 140, 208, 266, 280, 314; remedial teaching skills, 198; requirements of, 198, 230, 330; residential duties, 290, 292, 310, 332; training of, 3, 53, 82, 198, 216, 228, 314, 329; see also classes; headteachers; Froebel training; staff; teamwork; ‘whole child’ (approach to teaching)
teachers (personal accounts): Cropwood, 176, 215-17, 280, 288, 292, 294, 295-6; Haseley Hall, 187-9, 190-1; Hunter’s Hill, 157-8, 225, 228-9, 229-33, 248-9, 303, 309-12; Marsh Hill, 255-6, 313-15; Skilts, 262-3, 326-30; Uffculme, 140-1, 203, 208-10, 237-8, 268-9
teamwork, 129, 134, 265; see also staff; teachers; ‘whole child’
Tearse, Miss (teacher), 112
Tebbutt, M. (teacher), 249, 251, 297, 307
Tedd, Miss (teacher), 298
Teece, June, 175-6
teeth, see dental decay; dental treatment; toothbrushes
television, 218, 231, 247, 251, 257, 283, 296, 298, 308, 310; see also BBC schools programmes
temperature (body), 341
tennis, 93, 122, 175, 299
termly reviews, see medical examinations
testing: attainment testing, 217; mental testing, 217; see also academic ability; educational attainment; examinations, academic
theatres, 81, 175, 311
Thomas, Mr. (caretaker), 284, 292
Thomas, Isobel (teacher), 200, 206, 207, 208; see also Bazire, Isobel
Thomson, Dr. P.H., 57, 59
throat infections, 246; see also septic throats
Throckmorton family, 190
thyroid problems, 121
tics, multiple, 221
Tidmus, (Betty) L. (teacher), 53, 88, 138, 140, 164, 166
Tilley, D., 317
Times, The
timetables, 7, 8, 10, 221, 269, 327, 328, 330; see also curriculum
Timmins, Margaret, 95
Tippetts (nurse), 75
Todman, Dr., 307
tobogganing, 59, 61, 113, 125, 128, 133, 146, 149, 154, 171, 174, 197, 281, 187, 298
toilets, 270
tokens (for trams/buses), 25, 43, 209
Tomkinson, Joan, see Farmer, Joan
tonics, 53; see also medication
Tonks, R., 180
tonsils, 5, 11, 19, 86, 97, 112, 164, 192, 222, 298; tonsilitis, 92, 131, 144; tonsilectomy, 252; see also adenoids
Tookey, Bill, 71, 99
tools, 27, 128
toothbrushes, 25, 69, 82, 102, 244, 254; see also dental decay
torch chases, 250
tower, the (Cropwood), 123
Towyn, 101, 199, 202, 203, 206, 207, 210, 233; see also Martineau House
Trace, Olive (teacher), 176, 211
training courses, see teachers
trains, 25, 57, 68, 72, 93, 97, 109, 114, 121, 132, 159, 249; see also bank engines; ‘Big Bertha’; Blackwell; Lickey Incline
trams, 11, 18, 19, 43, 89, 99, 183
transfers to normal schools, 234; see also medical examinations
treatment, medical, see medical treatment; National Health Service; open-air schools; school health services; school medical services
trees, 8, 124, 140, 151, 257, 329; see also pine trees
Trihy, T. (teacher), 252
tripe, 155
truancy, see absconding
Trueman, Joyce, see Pegg, Joyce
Trueman, T.M., see Stapleton, T.M.
tuberculosis, 1, 2, 5, 6, 19, 67, 104, 121, 148; Birmingham schoolchildren, 11, 52, 102, 116, 162; contact TB, 190, 221, 301; death rate from, 196, 233, 264; decline of, 264; tubercular glands, 8, 14, 31, 62; Hunter’s Hill, 156, 179, 251; Uffculme, 31, 32, 45, 65, 103
tuck: tuckshops, 94, 233; Cropwood, 70, 72, 111, 122, 149, 150, 151, 214; Hunter’s Hill, 98, 248; Uffculme, 108; see also sweets
Tucker, John (Jack) W. (teacher), 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 231, 250
Tucker, K.G. (teacher), 178, 183
Tucker, Rowena, 227
Tudor, Mary (dentist), 245-6
Turner, Jayne, 84-5
Turner, Rose, see Newnham, Rose
Twist, Miss (cook), 122, 125, 211
Tyler, Miss (children’s helper), 211
Tyler, Margaret, 71
typing classes, 217, 296
Uffculme House, 13, 13, 14, 17, 18, 21, 44
Uffculme Park, 32
Uffculme School, 228, 335, 337; architecture/building, 21-3, 23, 25, 26, 30, 35, 38, 66, 107, 201, 202; Cadbury donation of, 18; map, 42; opening of, 21-49; selection of first pupils, 19; 1920s, 52-5, 56, 64-6, 73-7; 1930s, 83-90, 104, 105-8, 117-20, 131; 1940s, 136-41, 164-9; 1950s, 198-210, 222, 234-9; 1960s, 264, 268-79; see also Inspectors school reports; pool; school log books
Uffculme School Committee, 27, 28, 53
ultra-violet radiation treatment, 77, 102, 233
underweight children, 341, 342; see also debility; malnutrition
Underwood School, 313, 314
uniform, see clothing
Upton House Open-Air School, London, 341
Urquhart, Marjory A. (headteacher), 193, 215, 239, 243, 245, 248, 256, 279-80, 281, 284, 286, 287, 288, 291, 292, 294, 295, 337; appointments, to Haseley and Cropwood, 190, 215, 217, 257; in school log books, 217, 252, 257, 258, 289, 293; personal accounts, 190-2, 215-17, 280, 294; photographs of, 191, 288; reports by, 280, 293-4; retirement, 293
USA, see America
vaccination, 267
Vann, David, 307
vegetables, 27, 63, 84, 86, 157, 331
verandas, 9, 95, 97, 103, 159, 335
verminous children, 5; see also dirty children; fleas; lice; nits
verminous infestations, 31, 50, 102, 162, 282; see also dirty children; fleas; lice; nits
verrucas, 252
V.E. Day, 169
Victory Day, 170
visiting days, 196; Cropwood, 58, 62, 68, 72, 94, 124, 125, 126, 142, 146, 148, 211, 220, 240, 241, 243, 283, 292, 293, 294; Haseley Hall, 192, 193, 257, 315, 317, 319, 322; Hunter’s Hill, 96, 99, 129, 153, 156, 159, 181, 182, 183, 231, 247, 248, 253, 298, 299, 300, 301, 308; Skilts, 328, 333; Uffculme, 35, 74
visitors, to open-air schools, 294
vitamin supplements, 233, 254; see also Bemax; cod liver oil; iron; malt; tonics
Vollam, Dr., 178, 222, 227, 246, 282
Wainwright, Mr. (teacher), 130, 132
waiting lists, 265; see also admissions; selection of pupils
Wales, Margaret (teacher), xiii, 139, 166, 168, 202, 204, 207, 208, 210, 236; appointment, 138; in log books, 138, 199, 200, 234, 235; personal account, 140-1, 203; photographs of, 165, 237; resignation, 235
Wales Ltd., 38
Walker, John, 27
walking barefoot, 70, 87, 104, 122, 151, 203, 207
walks (rambles), 79; Cropwood, 70, 72, 93, 94, 122, 125, 142, 281; Davos Alpine School, 197; Haseley Hall, 258, 321; Hunter’s Hill, 99, 132, 158, 178, 221, 226, 249, 301; Marsh Hill, 81; Skilts, 263, 331
Wallis, Joyce, 172
Walsall, 340
Walton, Gertrude (headteacher), 69, 70, 71, 91, 94, 96, 114, 115, 116, 128, 152, 155, 158, 337; appointments, 60, 96; in school log books, 130, 147; retirement, 157; school reports by, 128-9
Walton, Margaret, 175
Ward, Miss (teacher), 321, 323
Warder, Dallas, 146
Wareing, Maurice, 162, 163, 167, 167-8, 178
warmth, 300; see also comfort; heating
Warnock Report
Warom, John, 197, 254-5
wartime, 117, 126-7, 134-60, 162, 188, 190; see also air raids; air raid shelters; bombs
Warwick, Countess of, 187
Warwickshire Chamber of Agriculture, 185
washing machine, 300, 301
washing up, 176; see also domestic duties
water, measurement of, 333
water supply (Haseley Hall), 192, 257
Wathes Bros, 21
Watson, Mrs. (kitchen staff), 274
weather, conditions of, see cold weather; fog; frost; hot weather; school log books; snow
weather study, 8, 39, 72, 90, 168
weaving, 8, 40, 83, 108, 229, 230, 306
Webb, Miss (teacher), 84, 85
Webb, Alice, see Higgins, Alice
Webb, Margaret, 208
Webb, Ray, 184
Webster, Betty, 86, 92-3
Weedon, Mr. (teacher), 222
weekend closure (Cropwood), 290
weekly boarding: Cropwood, 290, 296; Skilts, 332; Uffculme, 47, 48, 52, 65, 86, 105, 106
weighing sessions, 9, 54, 63; Cropwood, 57, 211; Hunter’s Hill, 181, 221, 307; Uffculme, 19, 28, 30, 35, 37, 45, 46, 53, 239
Weir, Terry, 180, 183-4, 184
Welsh Farm School, 314
West, Lucy, 193
Wetherall, Mr. (teacher), 131, 143
Wetherall, Mrs., 143, 144
Wheatley-Hubbard, Mr., 235, 238
Wheedon, Janet, 296
wheeziness, 265; see also asthma; bronchiectasis; bronchitis; chest conditions
Whipp, Miss (teacher), 211, 212, 218
White, Emily (teacher), 43, 45, 47
White, Lawrence, 184
Whitehead, Judy, 175
Whitehouse, Mr. (teacher), 254
Whitney, Mrs., 178, 183
Whitney, Janet, 170, 173
Whittall, Norah, 106
Whitworth, G., 180
‘whole child’ (approach to teaching and health), 198, 233, 249, 309, 328, 329
Wightman, Mrs. (teacher), 292
Wilkins, Florence (nurse), 24, 36, 37, 45
William Murdoch School, 314
Williams, Miss (teacher), 219, 220, 242
Williams, Miss, 298, 299
Williams, C. (teacher), 252
Williams, Gladys, M., 61
Williams, Graham (headteacher), 296, 312, 337
Williams, K. (teacher), 283, 284, 287
Williams, O., 157-8
Williams, Phyllis, 121, 133
Willis, Florence, 103-4
Wilmot, Frances, xiii, 206-7, 213-14; see also Headford, Frances
Wilson, David, 305
Wilson, Dr., 142, 143
Wilson, Dr. L., 37
Wilson, Mrs., 172
Wilson Smith, Eileen (teacher), 187-9
Wilson Stuart, Mr., 127, 143, 144
Wise, F.S. (headteacher), 198, 199, 202, 203, 337
Wishart, Miss (teacher), 147
Witherby, F.Y. (teacher at Davos), 116
Withy, Cathy, 296
Wood, Mr. (Chairman of Birmingham Education Committee), 271
Wood, K. (cook), see Hexley, K.
Wood & Kendrick, architects, 185
Woodward, Mrs. (teacher), 325
woodwork, 8, 39, 63; Cropwood, 296; Hunter’s Hill, 129, 220, 221, 296; Skilts, 330; Uffculme, 35, 38, 47, 168, 270, 275, 276
World War I, see First World War
World War II, see air raids; Second World War; wartime
Worrall, Ida, 208
Wright, Mrs. (Cllr), 227
Wright, Mrs. (Chairman of Special Services Sub-Committee), 219
Wright, Mr. D.A. (headteacher), 279, 337
Wrigley, Vera, 92
writing, 214, 244; Cropwood, 242; Hunter’s Hill, 306; Skilts, 329; Uffculme, 269
Wroxall Abbey School, 261
Wroxall School, 256
Wyllie, Miss (Inspector of Special Schools), 271, 273
x-rays, chest, see chest conditions
Yardley Green Sanatorium/Hospital, 102, 103, 114, 233
Yelland, Sister, 254
York, Duke of, 64
York Woods, 316
Yorkshire, East, 341
youth hostelling, 248
Yoxall, Mr. (teacher), 197
, 267
, 118
, 2
, 265
, 4
, 21
, 4
, 198
medallions/cup, 154, 156, 158
reports, see Chief Medical Officer’s annual reports
, 136
, 279
, 2
, 264
, 18, 83, 112, 130, 18, 198, 273, 18, 23, 24
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